WWW.JNEUROSCI.ORG
-
The Journal of Neuroscience
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     
-


HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP
The Journal of Neuroscience, June 30, 2004, 24(26):6028-6036; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0713-04.2004

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit an eLetter
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Web of Science (119)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Thompson, P. M.
Right arrow Articles by London, E. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Thompson, P. M.
Right arrow Articles by London, E. D.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Neurobiology of Disease
Structural Abnormalities in the Brains of Human Subjects Who Use Methamphetamine

Paul M. Thompson,1 Kiralee M. Hayashi,1 Sara L. Simon,2 Jennifer A. Geaga,1 Michael S. Hong,1 Yihong Sui,1 Jessica Y. Lee,1 Arthur W. Toga,1 Walter Ling,2 and Edythe D. London2,3,4

1Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Brain Mapping Division, Department of Neurology, Departments of 2Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and 3Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, and 4Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095

We visualize, for the first time, the profile of structural deficits in the human brain associated with chronic methamphetamine (MA) abuse. Studies of human subjects who have used MA chronically have revealed deficits in dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and cerebral metabolic abnormalities. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and new computational brain-mapping techniques, we determined the pattern of structural brain alterations associated with chronic MA abuse in human subjects and related these deficits to cognitive impairment. We used high-resolution MRI and surface-based computational image analyses to map regional abnormalities in the cortex, hippocampus, white matter, and ventricles in 22 human subjects who used MA and 21 age-matched, healthy controls. Cortical maps revealed severe gray-matter deficits in the cingulate, limbic, and paralimbic cortices of MA abusers (averaging 11.3% below control; p < 0.05). On average, MA abusers had 7.8% smaller hippocampal volumes than control subjects (p < 0.01; left, p = 0.01; right, p < 0.05) and significant white-matter hypertrophy (7.0%; p < 0.01). Hippocampal deficits were mapped and correlated with memory performance on a word-recall test (p < 0.05). MRI-based maps suggest that chronic methamphetamine abuse causes a selective pattern of cerebral deterioration that contributes to impaired memory performance. MA may selectively damage the medial temporal lobe and, consistent with metabolic studies, the cingulate-limbic cortex, inducing neuroadaptation, neuropil reduction, or cell death. Prominent white-matter hypertrophy may result from altered myelination and adaptive glial changes, including gliosis secondary to neuronal damage. These brain substrates may help account for the symptoms of MA abuse, providing therapeutic targets for drug-induced brain injury.

Key words: methamphetamine; brain imaging; drug abuse; MRI; cortex; hippocampus; limbic system; memory

Received Feb 29, 2004; revised May 10, 2004; accepted May 20, 2004.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 NeuroscientistHome page
P. K. Liu, J. B. Mandeville, Guangping Dai, B. G. Jenkins, Y. R. Kim, and C. H. Liu
Transcription MRI: A New View of the Living Brain
Neuroscientist, October 1, 2008; 14(5): 503 - 520.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
I. Boileau, P. Rusjan, S. Houle, D. Wilkins, J. Tong, P. Selby, M. Guttman, J. A. Saint-Cyr, A. A. Wilson, and S. J. Kish
Increased Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Binding during Early Abstinence In Human Methamphetamine Users: Is VMAT2 a Stable Dopamine Neuron Biomarker?
J. Neurosci., September 24, 2008; 28(39): 9850 - 9856.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
Y. Sekine, Y. Ouchi, G. Sugihara, N. Takei, E. Yoshikawa, K. Nakamura, Y. Iwata, K. J. Tsuchiya, S. Suda, K. Suzuki, et al.
Methamphetamine Causes Microglial Activation in the Brains of Human Abusers
J. Neurosci., May 28, 2008; 28(22): 5756 - 5761.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J PsychopharmacolHome page
J. L. Cornish, K. J. Clemens, M. R. Thompson, P. D. Callaghan, B. Dawson, and I. S. McGregor
High ambient temperature increases intravenous methamphetamine self-administration on fixed and progressive ratio schedules in rats
J Psychopharmacol, January 1, 2008; 22(1): 100 - 110.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
C. D. Mandyam, S. Wee, A. J. Eisch, H. N. Richardson, and G. F. Koob
Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Voluntary Exercise Have Opposing Effects on Medial Prefrontal Cortex Gliogenesis
J. Neurosci., October 17, 2007; 27(42): 11442 - 11450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JNMHome page
J. S. Fowler, C. Kroll, R. Ferrieri, D. Alexoff, J. Logan, S. L. Dewey, W. Schiffer, D. Schlyer, P. Carter, P. King, et al.
PET Studies of d-Methamphetamine Pharmacokinetics in Primates: Comparison with l-Methamphetamine and ( )-Cocaine
J. Nucl. Med., October 1, 2007; 48(10): 1724 - 1732.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Cereb CortexHome page
J. J. Lin, N. Salamon, A. D. Lee, R. A. Dutton, J. A. Geaga, K. M. Hayashi, E. Luders, A. W. Toga, J. Engel Jr, and P. M. Thompson
Reduced Neocortical Thickness and Complexity Mapped in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis
Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2007; 17(9): 2007 - 2018.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Atten DisordHome page
C. Advokat
Literature Review: Update on Amphetamine Neurotoxicity and Its Relevance to the Treatment of ADHD
J Atten Disord, July 1, 2007; 11(1): 8 - 16.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
P. S. Fitzmaurice, J. Tong, M. Yazdanpanah, P. P. Liu, K. S. Kalasinsky, and S. J. Kish
Levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal and Malondialdehyde Are Increased in Brain of Human Chronic Users of Methamphetamine
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., November 1, 2006; 319(2): 703 - 709.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FocusHome page
A. W. Toga, P. M. Thompson, and E. R. Sowell
Mapping Brain Maturation
Focus, August 1, 2006; 4(3): 378.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 NeurologyHome page
J. J. Lin, N. Salamon, R. A. Dutton, A. D. Lee, J. A. Geaga, K. M. Hayashi, A. W. Toga, J. Engel Jr, and P. M. Thompson
Three-dimensional preoperative maps of hippocampal atrophy predict surgical outcomes in temporal lobe epilepsy
Neurology, October 11, 2005; 65(7): 1094 - 1097.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. PsychiatryHome page
T. L. Jernigan, A. C. Gamst, S. L. Archibald, C. Fennema-Notestine, M. R. Mindt, T. L. Marcotte, R. K. Heaton, R. J. Ellis, and I. Grant
Effects of Methamphetamine Dependence and HIV Infection on Cerebral Morphology
Am J Psychiatry, August 1, 2005; 162(8): 1461 - 1472.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JWatch PsychiatryHome page
Further Evidence for Brain Abnormalities in Methamphetamine Abusers
Journal Watch Psychiatry, July 22, 2004; 2004(722): 5 - 5.
[Full Text]


-

Home  |   Search  |   Archive  |   Subscribe  |   Contact  |   Help
-
Copyright 2009 by Society for Neuroscience ONLINE ISSN: 1529-2401
-