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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 11, 2004, 24(32):7110-7117; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0762-04.2004
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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
A Physiologically Based Model of Interaural Time Difference Discrimination
Kenneth E. Hancock1 and
Bertrand Delgutte1,2
1Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, and 2Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02143
Interaural time difference (ITD) is a cue to the location of sounds containing low frequencies and is represented in the inferior colliculus (IC) by cells that respond maximally at a particular best delay (BD). Previous studies have demonstrated that single ITD-sensitive cells contain sufficient information in their discharge patterns to account for ITD acuity on the midline (ITD = 0). If ITD discrimination were based on the activity of the most sensitive cell available ("lower envelope hypothesis"), then ITD acuity should be relatively constant as a function of ITD. In response to broadband noise, however, the ITD acuity of human listeners degrades as ITD increases. To account for these results, we hypothesize that pooling of information across neurons is an essential component of ITD discrimination. This report describes a neural pooling model of ITD discrimination based on the response properties of ITD-sensitive cells in the IC of anesthetized cats.
Rate versus ITD curves were fit with a cross-correlation model of ITD sensitivity, and the parameters were used to constrain a population model of ITD discrimination. The model accurately predicts ITD acuity as a function of ITD for broadband noise stimuli when responses are pooled across best frequency (BF). Furthermore, ITD tuning based solely on a system of internal delays is not sufficient to predict ITD acuity in response to 500 Hz tones, suggesting that acuity is likely refined by additional mechanisms. The physiological data confirms evidence from the guinea pig that BD varies systematically with BF, generalizing the observation across species.
Key words: auditory; binaural; hearing; inferior colliculus; localization; psychophysics
Received March 2, 2004;
revised June 22, 2004;
accepted June 23, 2004.
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