 |
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
The Journal of Neuroscience, September 22, 2004, 24(38):8223-8231; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1798-04.2004
Previous Article | Next Article
Development/Plasticity/Repair
Longitudinal Mapping of Cortical Thickness and Brain Growth in Normal Children
Elizabeth R. Sowell,1 * * Paul M. Thompson,1 * Christiana M. Leonard,2 * Suzanne E. Welcome,1 Eric Kan,1 andArthur W. Toga1 1Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1769, and 2Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology now allow the tracing of developmental changes in the brains of children. We applied computer-matching algorithms and new techniques for measuring cortical thickness (in millimeters) to the structural MRI images of 45 children scanned twice (2 yr apart) between the ages 5 and 11. Changes in brain size were also assessed, showing local brain growth progressing at a rate of
0.4-1.5 mm per year, most prominently in frontal and occipital regions. Estimated cortical thickness ranged from 1.5 mm in occipital regions to 5.5 mm in dorsomedial frontal cortex. Gray matter thinning coupled with cortical expansion was highly significant in right frontal and bilateral parieto-occipital regions. Significant thickening was restricted to left inferior frontal (Broca's area) and bilateral posterior perisylvian (Wernicke's area on the left) regions. In the left hemisphere, gray matter thickness was correlated with changing cognitive abilities. For the first time, developmental changes in gray matter thickness, brain size, and structure-function relationships have been traced within the same individuals studied longitudinally during a time of rapid cognitive development.
Key words: frontal lobes; language areas; development; myelination; MRI; cognition
Received Jan 20, 2004; revised July 14, 2004; accepted August 5, 2004.
This article has been cited by other articles:
L. H. Lu, M. Dapretto, E. D. O'Hare, E. Kan, S. T. McCourt, P. M. Thompson, A. W. Toga, S. Y. Bookheimer, and E. R. Sowell
Relationships between Brain Activation and Brain Structure in Normally Developing Children
Cereb Cortex, November 1, 2009; 19(11): 2595 - 2604.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. S. Panizzon, C. Fennema-Notestine, L. T. Eyler, T. L. Jernigan, E. Prom-Wormley, M. Neale, K. Jacobson, M. J. Lyons, M. D. Grant, C. E. Franz, et al.
Distinct Genetic Influences on Cortical Surface Area and Cortical Thickness
Cereb Cortex, November 1, 2009; 19(11): 2728 - 2735.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
X. Wang, M. Gerken, M. Dennis, R. Mooney, J. Kane, S. Khuder, H. Xie, W. Bauer, A. V. Apkarian, and J. Wall
Profiles of Precentral and Postcentral Cortical Mean Thicknesses in Individual Subjects over Acute and Subacute Time-Scales
Cereb Cortex, October 13, 2009; (2009) bhp226v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Raznahan, R. Toro, E. Daly, D. Robertson, C. Murphy, Q. Deeley, P. F. Bolton, T. Paus, and D. G. M. Murphy
Cortical Anatomy in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An In Vivo MRI Study on the Effect of Age
Cereb Cortex, October 9, 2009; (2009) bhp198v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Ostby, C. K. Tamnes, A. M. Fjell, L. T. Westlye, P. Due-Tonnessen, and K. B. Walhovd
Heterogeneity in Subcortical Brain Development: A Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Maturation from 8 to 30 Years
J. Neurosci., September 23, 2009; 29(38): 11772 - 11782.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Fornito, M. Yucel, B. Dean, S. J. Wood, and C. Pantelis
Anatomical Abnormalities of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Schizophrenia: Bridging the Gap Between Neuroimaging and Neuropathology
Schizophr Bull, September 1, 2009; 35(5): 973 - 993.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. C. Knickmeyer, M. Styner, S. J. Short, G. R. Lubach, C. Kang, R. Hamer, C. L. Coe, and J. H. Gilmore
Maturational Trajectories of Cortical Brain Development through the Pubertal Transition: Unique Species and Sex Differences in the Monkey Revealed through Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Cereb Cortex, August 24, 2009; (2009) bhp166v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. Shaw, F. Lalonde, C. Lepage, C. Rabin, K. Eckstrand, W. Sharp, D. Greenstein, A. Evans, J. N. Giedd, and J. Rapoport
Development of Cortical Asymmetry in Typically Developing Children and Its Disruption in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Arch Gen Psychiatry, August 1, 2009; 66(8): 888 - 896.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. K. Tamnes, Y. Ostby, A. M. Fjell, L. T. Westlye, P. Due-Tonnessen, and K. B. Walhovd
Brain Maturation in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Regional Age-Related Changes in Cortical Thickness and White Matter Volume and Microstructure
Cereb Cortex, June 11, 2009; (2009) bhp118v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. Marsh, T. V. Maia, and B. S. Peterson
Functional Disturbances Within Frontostriatal Circuits Across Multiple Childhood Psychopathologies
Am J Psychiatry, June 1, 2009; 166(6): 664 - 674.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. L. Goldman, L. Pezawas, V. S. Mattay, B. Fischl, B. A. Verchinski, Q. Chen, D. R. Weinberger, and A. Meyer-Lindenberg
Widespread Reductions of Cortical Thickness in Schizophrenia and Spectrum Disorders and Evidence of Heritability
Arch Gen Psychiatry, May 1, 2009; 66(5): 467 - 477.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. L. Hyde, J. Lerch, A. Norton, M. Forgeard, E. Winner, A. C. Evans, and G. Schlaug
Musical Training Shapes Structural Brain Development
J. Neurosci., March 11, 2009; 29(10): 3019 - 3025.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. Jiang, W. Zhu, F. Shi, Y. Liu, J. Li, W. Qin, K. Li, C. Yu, and T. Jiang
Thick Visual Cortex in the Early Blind
J. Neurosci., February 18, 2009; 29(7): 2205 - 2211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. R. Ment, S. Kesler, B. Vohr, K. H. Katz, H. Baumgartner, K. C. Schneider, S. Delancy, J. Silbereis, C. C. Duncan, R. T. Constable, et al.
Longitudinal Brain Volume Changes in Preterm and Term Control Subjects During Late Childhood and Adolescence
Pediatrics, February 1, 2009; 123(2): 503 - 511.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. A. Stanley, H. Kipp, E. Greisenegger, F. P. MacMaster, K. Panchalingam, M. S. Keshavan, O. G. Bukstein, and J. W. Pettegrew
Evidence of Developmental Alterations in Cortical and Subcortical Regions of Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Multivoxel In Vivo Phosphorus 31 Spectroscopy Study
Arch Gen Psychiatry, December 1, 2008; 65(12): 1419 - 1428.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
R. C. Knickmeyer, S. Gouttard, C. Kang, D. Evans, K. Wilber, J. K. Smith, R. M. Hamer, W. Lin, G. Gerig, and J. H. Gilmore
A Structural MRI Study of Human Brain Development from Birth to 2 Years
J. Neurosci., November 19, 2008; 28(47): 12176 - 12182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Gogtay, A. Lu, A. D. Leow, A. D. Klunder, A. D. Lee, A. Chavez, D. Greenstein, J. N. Giedd, A. W. Toga, J. L. Rapoport, et al.
Three-dimensional brain growth abnormalities in childhood-onset schizophrenia visualized by using tensor-based morphometry
PNAS, October 14, 2008; 105(41): 15979 - 15984.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. Tsujimoto
The Prefrontal Cortex: Functional Neural Development During Early Childhood
Neuroscientist, August 1, 2008; 14(4): 345 - 358.
[Abstract] [PDF]
E. A. CRONE, K. ZANOLIE, L. VAN LEIJENHORST, M. P. WESTENBERG, and S. A. R. B. ROMBOUTS
Neural mechanisms supporting flexible performance adjustment during development
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, June 1, 2008; 8(2): 165 - 177.
[Abstract] [PDF]
J. Parker, A. Mitchell, A. Kalpakidou, M. Walshe, H.-Y. Jung, C. Nosarti, P. Santosh, L. Rifkin, J. Wyatt, R. M. Murray, et al.
Cerebellar growth and behavioural & neuropsychological outcome in preterm adolescents
Brain, May 1, 2008; 131(5): 1344 - 1351.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. Shaw, N. J. Kabani, J. P. Lerch, K. Eckstrand, R. Lenroot, N. Gogtay, D. Greenstein, L. Clasen, A. Evans, J. L. Rapoport, et al.
Neurodevelopmental Trajectories of the Human Cerebral Cortex
J. Neurosci., April 2, 2008; 28(14): 3586 - 3594.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
S. H. MITCHELL, C. SCHOEL, and A. A. STEVENS
Mechanisms underlying heightened risk taking in adolescents as compared with adults
Psychon Bull Rev, April 1, 2008; 15(2): 272 - 277.
[Abstract] [PDF]
M. Windle, L. P. Spear, A. J. Fuligni, A. Angold, J. D. Brown, D. Pine, G. T. Smith, J. Giedd, and R. E. Dahl
Transitions Into Underage and Problem Drinking: Developmental Processes and Mechanisms Between 10 and 15 Years of Age
Pediatrics, April 1, 2008; 121(Supplement_4): S273 - S289.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. R. Sowell, S. N. Mattson, E. Kan, P. M. Thompson, E. P. Riley, and A. W. Toga
Abnormal Cortical Thickness and Brain Behavior Correlation Patterns in Individuals with Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Cereb Cortex, January 1, 2008; 18(1): 136 - 144.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. Shaw, K. Eckstrand, W. Sharp, J. Blumenthal, J. P. Lerch, D. Greenstein, L. Clasen, A. Evans, J. Giedd, and J. L. Rapoport
From the Cover: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation
PNAS, December 4, 2007; 104(49): 19649 - 19654.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
B. Hermann, J. Jones, K. Dabbs, C. A. Allen, R. Sheth, J. Fine, A. McMillan, and M. Seidenberg
The frequency, complications and aetiology of ADHD in new onset paediatric epilepsy
Brain, December 1, 2007; 130(12): 3135 - 3148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
V. M. Narayan, K. L. Narr, V. Kumari, R. P. Woods, P. M. Thompson, A. W. Toga, and T. Sharma
Regional Cortical Thinning in Subjects With Violent Antisocial Personality Disorder or Schizophrenia
Am J Psychiatry, September 1, 2007; 164(9): 1418 - 1427.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. J. Lin, N. Salamon, A. D. Lee, R. A. Dutton, J. A. Geaga, K. M. Hayashi, E. Luders, A. W. Toga, J. Engel Jr, and P. M. Thompson
Reduced Neocortical Thickness and Complexity Mapped in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis
Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2007; 17(9): 2007 - 2018.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
K. L. Narr, R. P. Woods, P. M. Thompson, P. Szeszko, D. Robinson, T. Dimtcheva, M. Gurbani, A. W. Toga, and R. M. Bilder
Relationships between IQ and Regional Cortical Gray Matter Thickness in Healthy Adults
Cereb Cortex, September 1, 2007; 17(9): 2163 - 2171.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. Shaw, M. Gornick, J. Lerch, A. Addington, J. Seal, D. Greenstein, W. Sharp, A. Evans, J. N. Giedd, F. X. Castellanos, et al.
Polymorphisms of the Dopamine D4 Receptor, Clinical Outcome, and Cortical Structure in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Arch Gen Psychiatry, August 1, 2007; 64(8): 921 - 931.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. R. Sowell, B. S. Peterson, E. Kan, R. P. Woods, J. Yoshii, R. Bansal, D. Xu, H. Zhu, P. M. Thompson, and A. W. Toga
Sex Differences in Cortical Thickness Mapped in 176 Healthy Individuals between 7 and 87 Years of Age
Cereb Cortex, July 1, 2007; 17(7): 1550 - 1560.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. W Burgess, S. J Gilbert, and I. Dumontheil
Function and localization within rostral prefrontal cortex (area 10)
Phil Trans R Soc B, May 29, 2007; 362(1481): 887 - 899.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. Lu, C. Leonard, P. Thompson, E Kan, J Jolley, S. Welcome, A. Toga, and E. Sowell
Normal Developmental Changes in Inferior Frontal Gray Matter Are Associated with Improvement in Phonological Processing: A Longitudinal MRI Analysis
Cereb Cortex, May 1, 2007; 17(5): 1092 - 1099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
V. Singh, H. Chertkow, J. P. Lerch, A. C. Evans, A. E. Dorr, and N. J. Kabani
Spatial patterns of cortical thinning in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Brain, November 1, 2006; 129(11): 2885 - 2893.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. A. Crone, S. E. Donohue, R. Honomichl, C. Wendelken, and S. A. Bunge
Brain Regions Mediating Flexible Rule Use during Development
J. Neurosci., October 25, 2006; 26(43): 11239 - 11247.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. W. Toga, P. M. Thompson, and E. R. Sowell
Mapping Brain Maturation
Focus, August 1, 2006; 4(3): 378.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. D. Devous Sr., D. Altuna, N. Furl, W. Cooper, G. Gabbert, W. T. Ngai, S. Chiu, J. M. Scott III, T. S. Harris, J. K. Payne, et al.
Maturation of Speech and Language Functional Neuroanatomy in Pediatric Normal Controls.
J Speech Lang Hear Res, August 1, 2006; 49(4): 856 - 866.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. Luders, K.L. Narr, P.M. Thompson, D.E. Rex, L. Jancke, and A.W. Toga
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Cortical Thickness
Cereb Cortex, August 1, 2006; 16(8): 1232 - 1238.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
E. A. Crone, C. Wendelken, S. Donohue, L. van Leijenhorst, and S. A. Bunge
Neurocognitive development of the ability to manipulate information in working memory
PNAS, June 13, 2006; 103(24): 9315 - 9320.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. Zacharia, S. Zimine, K.O. Lovblad, S. Warfield, H. Thoeny, C. Ozdoba, E. Bossi, R. Kreis, C. Boesch, G. Schroth, et al.
Early Assessment of Brain Maturation by MR Imaging Segmentation in Neonates and Premature Infants.
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., May 1, 2006; 27(5): 972 - 977.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. Shaw, J. Lerch, D. Greenstein, W. Sharp, L. Clasen, A. Evans, J. Giedd, F. X. Castellanos, and J. Rapoport
Longitudinal Mapping of Cortical Thickness and Clinical Outcome in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Arch Gen Psychiatry, May 1, 2006; 63(5): 540 - 549.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
C. Liston, R. Watts, N. Tottenham, M. C. Davidson, S. Niogi, A. M. Ulug, and B.J. Casey
Frontostriatal Microstructure Modulates Efficient Recruitment of Cognitive Control
Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2006; 16(4): 553 - 560.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Barnea-Goraly, V. Menon, M. Eckert, L. Tamm, R. Bammer, A. Karchemskiy, C. C. Dant, and A. L. Reiss
White Matter Development During Childhood and Adolescence: A Cross-sectional Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2005; 15(12): 1848 - 1854.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. S. Kippenhan, R. K. Olsen, C. B. Mervis, C. A. Morris, P. Kohn, A. Meyer-Lindenberg, and K. F. Berman
Genetic Contributions to Human Gyrification: Sulcal Morphometry in Williams Syndrome
J. Neurosci., August 24, 2005; 25(34): 7840 - 7846.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
P. M. Thompson, A. D. Lee, R. A. Dutton, J. A. Geaga, K. M. Hayashi, M. A. Eckert, U. Bellugi, A. M. Galaburda, J. R. Korenberg, D. L. Mills, et al.
Abnormal Cortical Complexity and Thickness Profiles Mapped in Williams Syndrome
J. Neurosci., April 20, 2005; 25(16): 4146 - 4158.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|