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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 3, 2004, 24(44):9847-9861; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0738-04.2004

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Cellular/Molecular
The Kinetic Profile of Intracellular Calcium Predicts Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression

Iskander Ismailov,1 Djanenkhodja Kalikulov,1 Takafumi Inoue,3 and Michael J. Friedlander1,2

1Department of Neurobiology and the Civitan International Research Center and 2The Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, and 3Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan

Efficiency of synaptic transmission within the neocortex is regulated throughout life by experience and activity. Periods of correlated or uncorrelated presynaptic and postsynaptic activity lead to enduring changes in synaptic efficiency [long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), respectively]. The initial plasticity triggering event is thought to be a precipitous rise in postsynaptic intracellular calcium, with higher levels inducing LTP and more moderate levels inducing LTD. We used a pairing protocol in visual cortical brain slices from young guinea pigs with whole-cell recording and calcium imaging to compare the kinetic profiles of calcium signals generated in response to individual pairings along with the cumulative calcium wave and plasticity outcome. The identical pairing protocol applied to layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons results in different plasticity outcomes between cells. These differences are not attributable to variations in the conditioning protocol, cellular properties, inter-animal variability, animal age, differences in spike timing between the synaptic response and spikes, washout of plasticity factors, recruitment of inhibition, or activation of different afferents. The different plasticity outcomes are reliably predicted by individual intracellular calcium transients in the dendrites after the first few pairings. In addition to the differences in the individual calcium transients, the cumulative calcium wave that spreads to the soma also has a different profile for cells that undergo LTP versus LTD. We conclude that there are biological differences between like-type cells in the dendritic calcium signals generated by coincident synaptic input and spiking that determine the sign of the plasticity response after brief associations.

Key words: cortex; imaging; calcium; synaptic plasticity; LTP; LTD; pairing


Received March 1, 2004; revised September 21, 2004; accepted September 22, 2004.




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