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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 17, 2004, 24(46):10353-10363; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3228-04.2004

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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Vascular Endothelial Cells Promote Acute Plasticity in Ependymoglial Cells of the Neuroendocrine Brain

Sandrine De Seranno,¹ Cecilia Estrella,¹ Anne Loyens,¹ Anda Cornea,² Sergio R. Ojeda,² Jean-Claude Beauvillain,¹ and Vincent Prevot¹

¹Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 422, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 114, 59045 Lille Cedex, France, and ²Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center-Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, Oregon 97006

Glial and endothelial cells interact throughout the brain to define specific functional domains. Whether endothelial cells convey signals to glia in the mature brain is unknown but is amenable to examination in circumventricular organs. Here we report that purified endothelial cells of one of these organs, the median eminence of the hypothalamus, induce acute actin cytoskeleton remodeling in isolated ependymoglial cells and show that this plasticity is mediated by nitric oxide (NO), a diffusible factor. We found that both soluble guanylyl cyclase and cyclooxygenase products are involved in this endothelial-mediated control of ependymoglia cytoarchitecture. We also demonstrate by electron microscopy that activation of endogenous NO release in the median eminence induces rapid structural changes, allowing a direct access of neurosecretory axons containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (the neuropeptide controlling reproductive function) to the portal vasculature. Local in vivo inhibition of NO synthesis disrupts reproductive cyclicity, a process that requires a pulsatile, coordinated delivery of GnRH into the hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal portal system. Our results identify a previously unknown function for endothelial cells in inducing neuroglial plasticity and raise the intriguing possibility that endothelial cells throughout the brain may use a similar signaling mechanism to regulate glial-neuronal interactions.

Key words: glial cells; neuroglial plasticity; tanycytes; endothelial nitric oxide synthase; neurosecretion; hypothalamus

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Received Aug 6, 2004; revised September 21, 2004; accepted September 21, 2004.

This article has been cited by other articles:

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				J. Clasadonte, P. Poulain, J.-C. Beauvillain, and V. Prevot Activation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Release Inhibits Spontaneous Firing in Adult Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons: A Possible Local Synchronizing Signal Endocrinology, February 1, 2008; 149(2): 587 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Lomniczi, A. Cornea, M. E. Costa, and S. R. Ojeda Hypothalamic Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Converting Enzyme Mediates Excitatory Amino Acid-Dependent Neuron-to-Glia Signaling in the Neuroendocrine Brain J. Neurosci., January 4, 2006; 26(1): 51 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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