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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 4, 2004, 24(5):1226-1235; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4286-03.2004
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Cellular/Molecular
Ca2+ Syntillas, Miniature Ca2+ Release Events in Terminals of Hypothalamic Neurons, Are Increased in Frequency by Depolarization in the Absence of Ca2+ Influx
Valérie De Crescenzo,1
Ronghua ZhuGe,1,2
Cristina Velázquez-Marrero,1
Lawrence M. Lifshitz,1,2
Edward Custer,1
Jeffrey Carmichael,2
F. Anthony Lai,3
Richard A. Tuft,1,2
Kevin E. Fogarty,1,2
José R. Lemos,1 and
John V. Walsh, Jr1
1Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, 2Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, and 3 Wales Heart Research Institute, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
Localized, brief Ca2+ transients (Ca2+ syntillas) caused by release from intracellular stores were found in isolated nerve terminals from magnocellular hypothalamic neurons and examined quantitatively using a signal mass approach to Ca2+ imaging. Ca2+ syntillas (scintilla, L., spark, from a synaptic structure, a nerve terminal) are caused by release of  250,000 Ca ions on average by a Ca2+ flux lasting on the order of tens of milliseconds and occur spontaneously at a membrane potential of –80 mV. Syntillas are unaffected by removal of extracellular Ca2+, are mediated by ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and are increased in frequency, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, by physiological levels of depolarization. This represents the first direct demonstration of mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores in neurons by depolarization without Ca2+ influx. The regulation of syntillas by depolarization provides a new link between neuronal activity and cytosolic [Ca2+] in nerve terminals.
Key words: calcium imaging; calcium spark; intracellular calcium; neurosecretion; presynaptic; ryanodine receptor
Received Sep 20, 2003;
revised December 9, 2003;
accepted December 11, 2003.
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