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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 18, 2004, 24(7):1531-1540; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3989-03.2004

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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Glutathione Peroxidase-Catalase Cooperativity Is Required for Resistance to Hydrogen Peroxide by Mature Rat Oligodendrocytes

Olivier Baud, Amanda E. Greene, Jianrong Li, Hong Wang, Joseph J. Volpe, and Paul A. Rosenberg

Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Oxidative mechanisms of injury are important in many neurological disorders, including hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Cerebral palsy after preterm birth is hypothesized to be caused by hypoxic-ischemic injury of developing oligodendrocytes (OLs). Here we examined the developmental sensitivity of OLs to exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) with stage-specific rat oligodendrocyte cultures. We found that H₂O₂ itself or that generated by glucose oxidase was more toxic to developing than to mature OLs. Mature OLs were able to degrade H₂O₂ faster than developing OLs, suggesting that higher antioxidant enzyme activity might be the basis for their resistance. Catalase expression and activity were relatively constant during oligodendrocyte maturation, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was upregulated with a twofold to threefold increase in its expression and activity. Thus, it appeared that the developmental change in resistance to H₂O₂ was caused by modulation of GPx but not by catalase expression. To test the relative roles of catalase and GPx in the setting of oxidative stress, we measured enzyme activity in cells exposed to H₂O₂ and found that H₂O₂ induced a decrease in catalase activity in developing but not in mature OLs. Inhibition of GPx by mercaptosuccinate led to an increase in the vulnerability of mature OLs to H₂O₂ as well as a reduction in catalase activity. Finally, H₂O₂-dependent inactivation of catalase in developing OLs was prevented by the GPx mimic ebselen. These data provide evidence for a key role for GPx-catalase cooperativity in the resistance of mature OLs to H₂O₂-induced cell death.

Key words: hydrogen peroxide; oxidative stress; cell death; glutathione peroxidase; catalase; oligodendrocyte; white matter; cerebral palsy

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Received Aug 28, 2003; revised December 2, 2003; accepted December 4, 2003.

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