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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 6, 2005, 25(14):3560-3570; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4354-04.2005

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Cellular/Molecular
Shank Expression Is Sufficient to Induce Functional Dendritic Spine Synapses in Aspiny Neurons

Gautier Roussignol,¹ Fabrice Ango,¹ Stefano Romorini,² Jian Cheng Tu,³ Carlo Sala,² Paul F. Worley,³ Joël Bockaert,¹ and Laurent Fagni¹

¹Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5203, 34000 Montpellier, France, ²Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy, and ³Department of Neurosciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Shank proteins assemble glutamate receptors with their intracellular signaling apparatus and cytoskeleton at the postsynaptic density. Whether Shank plays a role in spinogenesis and synaptogenesis remained unclear. Here, we report that knock-down of Shank3/prolinerich synapse-associated protein-2 by RNA interference reduces spine density in hippocampal neurons. Moreover, transgene expression of Shank 3 is sufficient to induce functional dendritic spines in aspiny cerebellar neurons. Transfected Shank protein recruits functional glutamate receptors, increases the number and size of synaptic contacts, and increases amplitude, frequency, and the AMPA component of miniature EPSCs, similar to what is observed during synapse developmental maturation. Mutation/deletion approaches indicate that these effects require interactions of Shank3 with the glutamate receptor complex. Consistent with this observation, chronic treatment with glutamate receptor antagonists alters maturation of the Shank3-induced spines. These results strongly suggest that Shank proteins and the associated glutamate receptors participate in a concerted manner to form spines and functional synapses.

Key words: synapse; glutamate; patch clamp; synaptogenesis; granule cell; Shank

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Received Oct 20, 2004; revised February 15, 2005; accepted February 15, 2005.

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