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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 2005, 25(24):5784-5795; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0922-05.2005
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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Early Development of Functional Spatial Maps in the Zebrafish Olfactory Bulb
Jun Li,1 * Julia A. Mack,1 * Marcel Souren,1 Emre Yaksi,1 Shin-ichi Higashijima,2 Marina Mione,3 Joseph R. Fetcho,2 andRainer W. Friedrich1 1Department of Biomedical Optics, Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, 2Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5230, and 3Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
In the adult olfactory bulb (OB), particular chemical classes of odorants preferentially activate glomeruli within loosely defined regions, resulting in a coarse and fractured "chemotopic" map. In zebrafish, amino acids and bile acids predominantly stimulate glomeruli in the lateral and medial OB, respectively. We studied the development of these spatial response maps in zebrafish. At 3 d postfertilization (dpf), the OB contained protoglomerular structures that became refined and more numerous during subsequent days. In a transgenic zebrafish line expressing the Ca2+ indicator protein inverse pericam, mainly in mitral cells, odor responses in the OB were first detected at 2.5-3 dpf. Already at this stage, amino acids and bile acids evoked activity predominantly in the lateral and medial OB, respectively. Two-photon Ca2+ imaging using a synthetic indicator was used to reconstruct activity patterns at higher resolution in three dimensions. Responses to amino acids and bile acids were detected predominantly in the lateral and medial OB, respectively, with little overlap. Between 2.5 and 6 dpf, the number of odor-responsive units increased, but the overall spatial organization of activity persisted. Hence, a coarse spatial organization of functional activity maps is established very early during OB development when glomeruli are not yet differentiated. This spatial organization is maintained during development and growth of neuronal circuits and may have important functions for odor processing in larvae, for the differentiation of glomeruli, and for the refinement of activity maps at later developmental stages.
Key words: olfactory bulb; sensory map; neural development; in vivo imaging; transgenic calcium indicator; zebrafish
Received Oct 5, 2004; accepted April 29, 2005.
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