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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 19, 2005, 25(3):699-705; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2226-04.2005

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Enriched Acoustic Environment after Noise Trauma Reduces Hearing Loss and Prevents Cortical Map Reorganization

Arnaud J. Noreña¹ and Jos J. Eggermont²

¹Neurosciences and Sensory Systems Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5020, Université Claude Bernard, 69366 Lyon, cedex 7, France, and ²Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4

Exposure to sound of sufficient duration and level causes permanent damage to the peripheral auditory system, which results in the reorganization of the cortical tonotopic map. The changes are such that neurons with pre-exposure tuning to frequencies in the hearing loss range now become tuned to frequencies near the near-normal lower boundary of the hearing loss range, which thus becomes over represented. However, cats exposed to a traumatizing noise and immediately thereafter placed for a few weeks in an enriched acoustic environment presented a much-restricted hearing loss compared with similarly exposed cats that were placed for the same time in a quiet environment. The enriched environment spectrally matched the expected hearing loss range and was 40 dB above the level of the expected hearing loss. The hearing loss in the quiet environment-reared cats ranged from 6 to 32 kHz with the largest loss (on average, 40 dB) ranging from 24 to 32 kHz. In contrast, the hearing loss in the enriched-environment cats was restricted to 6-8 kHz at a level of, on average, 35 dB and with 16-32 kHz having normal thresholds. Despite the remaining hearing loss for the enriched-environment cats in the 6-8 kHz range, plastic tonotopic map changes in primary auditory cortex could no longer be demonstrated, suggesting that the enriched acoustic environment prevents this reorganization. This finding has implications for the treatment of hearing disorders, such as tinnitus, that have been linked to cortical tonotopic map reorganization.

Key words: plasticity; hearing loss; enriched acoustic environment; tinnitus; auditory; mapping

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Received June 8, 2004; revised November 9, 2004; accepted November 30, 2004.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. Pienkowski, G. Shaw, and J. J. Eggermont Wiener-Volterra Characterization of Neurons in Primary Auditory Cortex Using Poisson-Distributed Impulse Train Inputs J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2009; 101(6): 3031 - 3041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Gourevitch, A. Norena, G. Shaw, and J. J. Eggermont Spectrotemporal Receptive Fields in Anesthetized Cat Primary Auditory Cortex Are Context Dependent Cereb Cortex, June 1, 2009; 19(6): 1448 - 1461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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				P. J. Hanley and P. B. Davis Treatment of Tinnitus With a Customized, Dynamic Acoustic Neural Stimulus: Underlying Principles and Clinical Efficacy Trends in Amplification, September 1, 2008; 12(3): 210 - 222. [Abstract] [PDF]

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