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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 14, 2005, 25(37):8432-8438; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1289-05.2005

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Cellular/Molecular
Cannabinoid Action Depends on Phosphorylation of Dopamine- and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein of 32 kDa at the Protein Kinase A Site in Striatal Projection Neurons

Mikael Andersson,¹ Alessandro Usiello,^1,5 Anders Borgkvist,¹ Laura Pozzi,¹ Cecilia Dominguez,¹ Allen A. Fienberg,^3,4 Per Svenningsson,⁴ Bertil B. Fredholm,² Emiliana Borrelli,⁵ Paul Greengard,⁴ and Gilberto Fisone^1,4

¹Department of Neuroscience and ²Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden, ³Intra-Cellular Therapies Inc., New York, New York 10032, ⁴Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, and ⁵Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santéetdela Recherche Médicale, Université Louis Pasteur, 67404 Illkirch Cedek, Strasbourg, France

Herbal cannabis, smoked in the form of marihuana or hashish, is the most common illicit drug consumed in the Western world. In the brain, cannabinoids interact with neuronal CB1 receptors, thereby producing a marked reduction of motor activity. Here, we report that the motor depressant effect produced by the cannabinoid receptor agonist (-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol (CP55,940) is attenuated by genetic inactivation of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32), which is abundantly expressed in the medium spiny neurons of the striatum. Point mutation of Thr34, the protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation site of DARPP-32, produces a similar reduction in the effect of the CB1 agonist. In contrast, point mutation of Thr75, a site on DARPP-32 specifically phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase 5, does not affect the behavioral response to CP55,940. Activation of CB1 receptors, either by an agonist or by inhibition of reuptake of endogenous cannabinoids, stimulates phosphorylation at Thr34, thereby converting DARPP-32 into an inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1. Genetic inactivation either of dopamine D₂ receptors or of adenosine A_2A receptors reduces the phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr34 and the motor depression produced by CP55,940. Our data indicate that a considerable proportion of the psychomotor effect of cannabinoids can be accounted for by a signaling cascade in striatal projection neurons involving PKA-dependent phosphorylation of DARPP-32, achieved via modulation of dopamine D₂ and adenosine A_2A transmission.

Key words: basal ganglia; movement; CB1 receptor; adenosine; D₂; knock-out

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Received April 4, 2005; revised July 26, 2005; accepted July 27, 2005.

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