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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 28, 2005, 25(39):8815-8824; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0816-05.2005

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Encoding of Movement Direction in Different Frequency Ranges of Motor Cortical Local Field Potentials

Jörn Rickert,^1,2 * Simone Cardoso de Oliveira,² Eilon Vaadia,⁴ Ad Aertsen,^1,2 Stefan Rotter,^1,2,5 and Carsten Mehring^2,3 *

¹Department of Neurobiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology III, ²Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Center for Neural Dynamics Freiburg, and ³Department of Neurobiology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology I, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, ⁴Department of Physiology, Hadassah Medical School, and Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel, and ⁵Theory and Data Analysis, Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health, 79098 Freiburg, Germany

Recent studies showed that the low-frequency component of local field potentials (LFPs) in monkey motor cortex carries information about parameters of voluntary arm movements. Here, we studied how different signal components of the LFP in the time and frequency domains are modulated during center-out arm movements. Analysis of LFPs in the time domain showed that the amplitude of a slow complex waveform beginning shortly before the onset of arm movement is modulated with the direction of the movement. Examining LFPs in the frequency domain, we found that direction-dependent modulations occur in three frequency ranges, which typically increased their amplitudes before and during movement execution: 4, 6–13, and 63–200 Hz. Cosine-like tuning was prominent in all signal components analyzed. In contrast, activity in a frequency band 30 Hz was not modulated with the direction of movement and typically decreased its amplitude during the task. This suggests that high-frequency oscillations have to be divided into at least two functionally different regimes: one 30 Hz and one >60 Hz. Furthermore, using multiple LFPs, we could show that LFP amplitude spectra can be used to decode movement direction, with the best performance achieved by the combination of different frequency ranges. These results suggest that using the different frequency components in the LFP is useful in improving inference of movement parameters from local field potentials.

Key words: motor cortex; local field potential; brain-machine interface; voluntary movement; neural coding; oscillations

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Received March 1, 2005; revised August 3, 2005; accepted August 4, 2005.

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