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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 26, 2005, 25(43):9968-9977; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2682-05.2005

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Deterministic Multiplicative Gain Control with Active Dendrites

W. Hamish Mehaffey,¹ Brent Doiron,^2,3 Leonard Maler,³ and Ray W. Turner¹

¹Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1, and ²Department of Physics and ³Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5

Multiplicative gain control is a vital component of many theoretical analyses of neural computations, conferring the ability to scale neuronal firing rate in response to synaptic inputs. Many theories of gain control in single cells have used precisely balanced noisy inputs. Such noisy inputs can degrade signal processing. We demonstrate a deterministic method for the control of gain without the use of noise. We show that a depolarizing afterpotential (DAP), arising from active dendritic spike backpropagation, leads to a multiplicative increase in gain. Reduction of DAP amplitude by dendritic inhibition dilutes the multiplicative effect, allowing for divisive scaling of the firing rate. In contrast, somatic inhibition acts in a subtractive manner, allowing spatially distinct inhibitory inputs to perform distinct computations. The simplicity of this mechanism and the ubiquity of its elementary components suggest that many cell types have the potential to display a dendritic division of neuronal output.

Key words: gain control; sensory processing; electric fish; dendrite; backpropagation; division

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Received June 29, 2005; revised September 9, 2005; accepted September 19, 2005.

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