QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP

The Journal of Neuroscience, February 9, 2005, 25(6):1431-1441; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4258-04.2005

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit an eLetter Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (19) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Stevenson, P. A. Articles by Schildberger, K. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Stevenson, P. A. Articles by Schildberger, K.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Octopamine and Experience-Dependent Modulation of Aggression in Crickets

Paul A. Stevenson,¹ Varya Dyakonova,² Jan Rillich,¹ and Klaus Schildberger¹

¹Institut für Biologie 2, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, and ²Russian Academy of Science Institute for Developmental Biology, 119991 Moscow, Russia

Intraspecific aggression is influenced in numerous animal groups by the previous behavioral experiences of the competitors. The underlying mechanisms are, however, mostly obscure. We present evidence that a form of experience-dependent plasticity of aggression in crickets is mediated by octopamine, the invertebrate counterpart of noradrenaline. In a forced-fight paradigm, the experience of flying maximized the aggressiveness of crickets at their first encounter and accelerated the subsequent recovery of aggressiveness of the normally submissive losers, without enhancing general excitability as evaluated from the animals' startle responses to wind stimulation. This effect is transitory and concurrent with the activation of the octopaminergic system that accompanies flight. Hemocoel injections of the octopamine agonist chlordimeform (CDM) had similar effects on aggression but also enhanced startle responses. Serotonin depletion, achieved using -methyl-tryptophan, enhanced startle responses without influencing aggression, indicating that the effect of CDM on aggression is not attributable to increased general excitation. Contrasting this, aggressiveness was depressed, and the effect of flying was essentially abolished, in crickets depleted of octopamine and dopamine using -methyl-p-tyrosine (AMT). CDM restored aggressiveness in AMT-treated crickets, indicating that their depressed aggressiveness is attributable to octopamine depletion rather than to dopamine depletion or nonspecific defects. Finally, the flight effect was blocked in crickets treated with the octopamine receptor antagonist epinastine, or with the -adrenoceptor and octopamine receptor antagonist phentolamine, but not with the -adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. The idea that activity-specific induction of the octopaminergic system underlies other forms of experience-dependent plasticity of aggressive motivation in insects is discussed.

Key words: insects; agonistic behavior; biogenic amines; amine depletion; chlordimeform; epinastine; startle response

---

Received June 10, 2004; revised December 3, 2004; accepted December 17, 2004.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. Buhl, K. Schildberger, and P. A. Stevenson A muscarinic cholinergic mechanism underlies activation of the central pattern generator for locust flight J. Exp. Biol., July 15, 2008; 211(14): 2346 - 2357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Wang, H. Dankert, P. Perona, and D. J. Anderson Inaugural Article: A common genetic target for environmental and heritable influences on aggressiveness in Drosophila PNAS, April 15, 2008; 105(15): 5657 - 5663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. A. Rosenberg, J. G. Glusman, and F. Libersat Octopamine partially restores walking in hypokinetic cockroaches stung by the parasitoid wasp Ampulex compressa J. Exp. Biol., December 15, 2007; 210(24): 4411 - 4417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Brembs, F. Christiansen, H. J. Pfluger, and C. Duch Flight Initiation and Maintenance Deficits in Flies with Genetically Altered Biogenic Amine Levels J. Neurosci., October 10, 2007; 27(41): 11122 - 11131. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Certel, M. G. Savella, D. C. F. Schlegel, and E. A. Kravitz Modulation of Drosophila male behavioral choice PNAS, March 13, 2007; 104(11): 4706 - 4711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Wicher, H.-J. Agricola, S. Sohler, M. Gundel, S. H. Heinemann, L. Wollweber, M. Stengl, and C. Derst Differential Receptor Activation by Cockroach Adipokinetic Hormones Produces Differential Effects on Ion Currents, Neuronal Activity, and Locomotion J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2006; 95(4): 2314 - 2325. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home  |   Search  |   Archive  |   Subscribe  |   Contact  |   Help