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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 29, 2006, 26(13):3594-3603; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0069-06.2006
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Cellular/Molecular
Stabilization of Axon Branch Dynamics by Synaptic Maturation
Edward S. Ruthazer,1,2 Jianli Li,1 andHollis T. Cline1 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724-0100, and 2Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
Correspondence should be addressed to Hollis Cline, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724. Email: cline{at}cshl.org
The developmental refinement of topographic projections in the brain is reflected in the dynamic sculpting of axonal arbors that takes place as connections between CNS structures form and mature. To examine the role of synaptogenesis and synaptic maturation in the structural development of axonal projections during the formation of the topographic retinotectal projection, we coexpressed cytosolic fluorescent protein (FP) and FP-tagged synaptophysin (SYP) in small numbers of retinal ganglion cells in living albino Xenopus laevis tadpoles to reveal the distribution and dynamics of presynaptic sites within labeled retinotectal axons. Two-photon time-lapse observations followed by quantitative analysis of tagged SYP levels at individual synapses demonstrated the time course of synaptogenesis: increases in presynaptic punctum intensity are detectable within minutes of punctum emergence and continue over many hours. Puncta lifetimes correlate with their intensities. Furthermore, we found that axon arbor dynamics are affected by synaptic contacts. Axon branches retract past faintly labeled puncta but are locally stabilized at intensely labeled SYP puncta. Visual stimulation for 4 h enhanced the stability of the arbor at intense presynaptic puncta while concurrently inducing the retraction of exploratory branches with only faintly labeled or no synaptic sites.
Key words: in vivo imaging; synapse maturation; axon arbor plasticity; retinotectal; Xenopus; synaptogenesis
Received Jan. 7, 2006; revised Feb. 12, 2006; accepted Feb. 14, 2006.
Correspondence should be addressed to Hollis Cline, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724. Email: cline{at}cshl.org
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