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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 26, 2006, 26(17):4559-4566; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0560-06.2006

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Cellular/Molecular
Characterization of a Soluble Ligand Binding Domain of the NMDA Receptor Regulatory Subunit NR3A

Yongneng Yao and Mark L. Mayer

Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurophysiology, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Mark L. Mayer, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 3B1002, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3712. Email: mayerm{at}mail.nih.gov

NR3A is expressed widely in the developing CNS of mammals. Coassembly of NR3A with NR1 and NR2 modifies NMDA receptor-mediated responses, reducing calcium permeability and single-channel conductance. The ligand binding properties of NR3A are unknown but shape the role NR3A plays when incorporated into NMDA receptors. Here, a soluble NR3A ligand binding domain (NR3A S1S2) was constructed based on amino acid sequence alignments with other glutamate receptor ion channels and is expressed in Escherichia coli. After purification by affinity, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography, NR3A S1S2 behaves as a monomer even at a concentration of 20 mg/ml, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering. NR3A S1S2 has very high affinity for glycine with an apparent dissociation constant (K_d) of 40 nM, 650-fold less than the K_d for NR1. Glutamate, which binds to NR2 subunits, also binds to NR3A, but with very low affinity (K_d = 9.6 mM); in contrast, binding of glutamate to NR1 was not detectable even at a 300 mM concentration. The antagonist binding profiles of NR3A and NR1 also show striking differences. 6-Cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitro-quinoxaline (CNQX), and its analog CGP78608, bind to NR3A S1S2 with low micromolar affinity, whereas for NR1, the affinity of CGP78608 increases 1000-fold compared with CNQX. Other high-affinity NR1 antagonists also show very weak binding to NR3A. Proteolysis protection experiments reveal that CNQX and CGP78608 bind to and stabilize domain 1 of NR3A S1S2 but increase proteolysis of domain 2, indicating that they produce conformational changes distinct from those induced by glycine and D-serine.

Key words: glutamate receptor; NMDA; gating; antagonist; agonist; proteolysis

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Received Feb. 7, 2006; revised March 3, 2006; accepted March 23, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Mark L. Mayer, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 3B1002, 35 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3712. Email: mayerm{at}mail.nih.gov

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