QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP

The Journal of Neuroscience, May 3, 2006, 26(18):4826-4834; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5542-06.2006

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Supplemental data Submit an eLetter Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (25) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Smith, M. A. Articles by Movshon, J. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Smith, M. A. Articles by Movshon, J. A.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Dynamics of Suppression in Macaque Primary Visual Cortex

Matthew A. Smith, Wyeth Bair, and J. Anthony Movshon

Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003

Correspondence should be addressed to Matthew A. Smith at his present address: Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Mellon Institute, Room 115, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Email: mattsmith{at}cmu.edu

The response of a neuron in primary visual cortex (V1) to an optimal stimulus in its classical receptive field (CRF) can be reduced by the presence of an orthogonal mask, a phenomenon known as cross-orientation suppression. The presence of a parallel stimulus outside the CRF can have a similar effect, in this case known as surround suppression. We used a novel stimulus to probe the time course of cross-orientation suppression and found that it is very fast, starting even before the response to optimal excitatory stimuli. However, it occurs with some delay after the offset response, considered to be a measure of the earliest excitatory signals that reach the CRF. We also examined the time course of response to a stimulus presented outside the CRF and found that cross-orientation suppression begins substantially earlier than surround suppression measured in the same cells. Together, these findings suggest that cross-orientation suppression is attributable to either direct feedforward signal paths to V1 neurons or a circuit involving fast local interneurons within V1. Feedback from higher cortical areas is implicated in surround suppression, but our results make this an implausible mechanism for cross-orientation suppression. We conclude that suppression from inside and outside the CRF occur through different mechanisms.

Key words: cross-orientation suppression; surround suppression; macaque monkey; primary visual cortex; inhibition; synaptic depression

---

Received Dec. 26, 2005; revised Feb. 17, 2006; accepted March 18, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to Matthew A. Smith at his present address: Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Mellon Institute, Room 115, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Email: mattsmith{at}cmu.edu

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. M. Ghose Attentional Modulation of Visual Responses by Flexible Input Gain J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2009; 101(4): 2089 - 2106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Kimura and I. Ohzawa Time Course of Cross-Orientation Suppression in the Early Visual Cortex J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2009; 101(3): 1463 - 1479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. A. Orban Higher Order Visual Processing in Macaque Extrastriate Cortex Physiol Rev, January 1, 2008; 88(1): 59 - 89. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Smith, R. C. Kelly, and T. S. Lee Dynamics of Response to Perceptual Pop-Out Stimuli in Macaque V1 J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2007; 98(6): 3436 - 3449. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. A. Zaghloul, M. B. Manookin, B. G. Borghuis, K. Boahen, and J. B. Demb Functional Circuitry for Peripheral Suppression in Mammalian Y-Type Retinal Ganglion Cells J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2007; 97(6): 4327 - 4340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Kohn Visual Adaptation: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Functional Benefits J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2007; 97(5): 3155 - 3164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Mechler, I. E. Ohiorhenuan, and J. D. Victor Speed Dependence of Tuning to One-Dimensional Features in V1 J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2007; 97(3): 2423 - 2438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Li, J. K. Thompson, T. Duong, M. R. Peterson, and R. D. Freeman Origins of Cross-Orientation Suppression in the Visual Cortex J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2006; 96(4): 1755 - 1764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Weise, A. Schramm, K. Stefan, A. Wolters, K. Reiners, M. Naumann, and J. Classen The two sides of associative plasticity in writer's cramp Brain, October 1, 2006; 129(10): 2709 - 2721. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home  |   Search  |   Archive  |   Subscribe  |   Contact  |   Help