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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 11, 2006, 26(2):542-549; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3069-05.2006
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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Alix, Making a Link between Apoptosis-Linked Gene-2, the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport, and Neuronal Death In Vivo
Anne-Laure Mahul-Mellier, Fiona J. Hemming, Béatrice Blot, Sandrine Fraboulet, * andRémy Sadoul * Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire Neurodégénérescence et Plasticité, Equipe Mixte INSERM 0108, and Universite Joseph Fourier, Grenoble I, F-38043 Grenoble, France
Alix/apoptosis-linked gene-2 (ALG-2)-interacting protein X is an adaptor protein involved in the regulation of the endolysosomal system through binding to endophilins and to endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) proteins, TSG101 and CHMP4b. It was first characterized as an interactor of ALG-2, a calcium-binding protein necessary for cell death, and several observations suggest a role for Alix in controlling cell death. We used electroporation in the chick embryo to test whether overexpressed wild-type or mutated Alix proteins influence cell death in vivo. We show that Alix overexpression is sufficient to induce cell death of neuroepithelial cells. This effect is strictly dependent on its capacity to bind to ALG-2. On the other hand, expression of Alix mutants lacking the ALG-2 or the CHMP4b binding sites prevents early programmed cell death in cervical motoneurons at day 4.5 of chick embryo development. This protection afforded by Alix mutants was abolished after deletion of the TSG101, but not of the endophilin, binding sites. Our results suggest that the interaction of the ALG-2/Alix complex with ESCRT proteins is necessary for naturally occurring death of motoneurons. Therefore, Alix represents a molecular link between the endolysosomal system and the cell death machinery.
Key words: Alix/AIP1; ALG-2; spinal motoneurons; programmed cell death; ESCRT; embryo
Received March 18, 2005; revised October 26, 2005; accepted October 29, 2005.
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