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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 21, 2006, 26(25):6885-6892; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1062-06.2006

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 Previous Article

Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Earlier Development of the Accumbens Relative to Orbitofrontal Cortex Might Underlie Risk-Taking Behavior in Adolescents

Adriana Galvan,¹ Todd A. Hare,¹ Cindy E. Parra,¹ Jackie Penn,¹ Henning Voss,¹ Gary Glover,² and B. J. Casey¹

¹The Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, and ²Department of Radiology and Neurosciences Program, Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technology at Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305

Correspondence should be addressed to either Adriana Galvan or B. J. Casey, 1300 York Avenue, Box 140, New York, NY 10021. Email: adg2006{at}med.cornell.edu or bjc2002{at}med.cornell.edu

Adolescence has been characterized by risk-taking behaviors that can lead to fatal outcomes. This study examined the neurobiological development of neural systems implicated in reward-seeking behaviors. Thirty-seven participants (7–29 years of age) were scanned using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a paradigm that parametrically manipulated reward values. The results show exaggerated accumbens activity, relative to prefrontal activity in adolescents, compared with children and adults, which appeared to be driven by different time courses of development for these regions. Accumbens activity in adolescents looked like that of adults in both extent of activity and sensitivity to reward values, although the magnitude of activity was exaggerated. In contrast, the extent of orbital frontal cortex activity in adolescents looked more like that of children than adults, with less focal patterns of activity. These findings suggest that maturing subcortical systems become disproportionately activated relative to later maturing top–down control systems, biasing the adolescent's action toward immediate over long-term gains.

Key words: accumbens; adolescent; reward; development; orbital frontal cortex; risk-taking

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Received Jan. 5, 2006; revised May 15, 2006; accepted May 25, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to either Adriana Galvan or B. J. Casey, 1300 York Avenue, Box 140, New York, NY 10021. Email: adg2006{at}med.cornell.edu or bjc2002{at}med.cornell.edu

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