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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 18, 2006, 26(3):821-829; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3542-05.2006

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Mental Chronometry of Working Memory Retrieval: A Combined Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Event-Related Potentials Approach

Christoph Bledowski,^1,2,3 Kathrin Cohen Kadosh,^1,3 Michael Wibral,^3,4 Benny Rahm,^5,6 Robert A. Bittner,^1,3 Karsten Hoechstetter,⁷ Michael Scherg,^7,8 Konrad Maurer,^1,3 Rainer Goebel,⁹ and David E. J. Linden^1,3,4,10

¹Department of Psychiatry, ²Institut of Medical Psychology, and ³Brain Imaging Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany, ⁴Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany, ⁵Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, and ⁶Department of Neurology, Albert Ludwigs University, 79085 Freiburg, Germany, ⁷MEGIS Software, 82166 Gräfelfing, Germany, ⁸Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, ⁹Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands, and ¹⁰School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor LL57 2AS, United Kingdom

We used the combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging and event-related potentials to decompose the processing stages (mental chronometry) of working memory retrieval. Our results reveal an early transient activation of inferotemporal cortex, which was accompanied by the onset of a sustained activation of posterior parietal cortex. We furthermore observed late transient responses in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and late sustained activity in medial frontal and premotor areas. We propose that these neural signatures reflect the cognitive stages of task processing, perceptual evaluation (inferotemporal cortex), storage buffer operations (posterior parietal cortex), active retrieval (ventrolateral prefrontal cortex), and action selection (medial frontal and premotor cortex). This is also supported by their differential temporal contribution to specific subcomponents of the P300 cognitive potential.

Key words: working memory; retrieval; EEG; fMRI; source analysis; P300

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Received May 15, 2005; revised November 24, 2005; accepted November 25, 2005.

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