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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 2, 2006, 26(31):8206-8216; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1921-06.2006

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Neurobiology of Disease
Immune Cells Contribute to Myelin Degeneration and Axonopathic Changes in Mice Overexpressing Proteolipid Protein in Oligodendrocytes

Chi Wang Ip,^1,2 Antje Kroner,^1,2 Martin Bendszus,⁴ Christoph Leder,^1,3 Igor Kobsar,^1,2 Stefan Fischer,^1,2 Heinz Wiendl,^1,3 Klaus-Armin Nave,⁵ and Rudolf Martini^1,2

¹Department of Neurology, ²Section of Developmental Neurobiology, ³Clinical Research Group for Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, and ⁴Neuroradiology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany, and ⁵Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Goettingen, Germany

Correspondence should be addressed to Rudolf Martini, Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 11, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany. Email: rudolf.martini{at}mail.uni-wuerzburg.de

Overexpression of the major myelin protein of the CNS, proteolipid protein (PLP), leads to late-onset degeneration of myelin and pathological changes in axons. Based on the observation that in white matter tracts of these mutants both CD8+ T-lymphocytes and CD11b+ macrophage-like cells are numerically elevated, we tested the hypothesis that these cells are pathologically involved in the primarily genetically caused neuropathy. Using flow cytometry of mutant brains, CD8+ cells could be identified as activated effector cells, and confocal microscopy revealed a close association of the T-cells with MHC-I+ (major histocompatibility complex class I positive) oligodendrocytes. Crossbreeding the myelin mutants with mice deficient in the recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) lacking mature T- and B-lymphocytes led to a reduction of the number of CD11b+ cells and to a substantial alleviation of pathological changes. In accordance with these findings, magnetic resonance imaging revealed less ventricular enlargement in the double mutants, partially because of more preserved corpora callosa. To investigate the role of CD8+ versus CD4+ T-lymphocytes, we reconstituted the myelin-RAG-1 double mutants with bone marrow from either CD8-negative (CD4+) or CD4-negative (CD8+) mice. The severe ventricular enlargement was only found when the double mutants were reconstituted with bone marrow from CD8+ mice, suggesting that the CD8+ lymphocytes play a critical role in the immune-related component of myelin degeneration in the mutants. These findings provide strong evidence that a primary glial damage can cause secondary immune reactions of pathological significance as it has been suggested for some forms of multiple sclerosis and other leukodystrophies.

Key words: microglia; macrophages; T-lymphocytes; leukodystrophy; multiple sclerosis; animal model; inflammation

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Received Jan. 13, 2006; accepted June 29, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to Rudolf Martini, Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider Strasse 11, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany. Email: rudolf.martini{at}mail.uni-wuerzburg.de

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