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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 23, 2006, 26(34):8715-8726; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0821-06.2006

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Suppressive Surrounds and Contrast Gain in Magnocellular-Pathway Retinal Ganglion Cells of Macaque

Samuel G. Solomon,¹ Barry B. Lee,^2,3 and Hao Sun²

¹Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, ²State University of New York, School of Optometry, New York, New York 10036, and ³Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany

Correspondence should be addressed to Samuel G. Solomon, Department of Physiology/Department of Anatomy and Histology, Building F13, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Email: samuels{at}physiol.usyd.edu.au

The modulation sensitivity of visual neurons can be influenced by remote stimuli which, when presented alone, cause no change in the ongoing discharge rate of the neuron. We show here that the extraclassical surrounds that underlie these effects are present in magnocellular-pathway (MC) but not in parvocellular-pathway (PC) retinal ganglion cells of the macaque. The response of MC cells to drifting gratings and flashing spots was halved by drifting or contrast-reversing gratings surrounding their receptive fields, but PC cell responses were unaffected. The suppression cannot have arisen from the classical receptive field, or been caused by scattered light, because it could be evoked by annuli that themselves caused little or no response from the cell, and is consistent with the action of a divisive suppressive mechanism. Suppression in MC cells was broadly tuned for spatial and temporal frequency and greater at high contrast. If perceptual phenomena with similar stimulus contexts, such as the "shift effect" and saccadic suppression, have a retinal component, then they reflect the activity of the MC pathway.

Key words: monkey; contrast gain control; magnocellular; parvocellular; vision; context

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Received Feb. 22, 2006; revised July 13, 2006; accepted July 13, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to Samuel G. Solomon, Department of Physiology/Department of Anatomy and Histology, Building F13, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Email: samuels{at}physiol.usyd.edu.au

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