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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 11, 2006, 26(41):10508-10513; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2633-06.2006

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Olfactory Discrimination Learning Increases the Survival of Adult-Born Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb

Mariana Alonso,^1 * Cécile Viollet,^1 * Marie-Madeleine Gabellec,¹ Vannary Meas-Yedid,² Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin,² and Pierre-Marie Lledo¹

¹Perception and Memory Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2182, and ²Quantitative Image Analysis Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2582, Pasteur Institute, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France

Correspondence should be addressed to Pierre-Marie Lledo, Pasteur Institute, Laboratory of Perception and Memory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2182, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Email: pmlledo{at}pasteur.fr

In the olfactory bulb (OB), new neurons are added throughout life, forming an integral part of the functioning circuit. Yet only some of them survive more than a month. To determine whether this turnover depends on olfactory learning, we examined the survival of adult newborn cells labeled with the cell division marker BrdU, administered before learning in an olfactory discrimination task. We report that discrimination learning increases the number of newborn neurons in the adult OB by prolonging their survival. Simple exposure to the pair of olfactory cues did not alter neurogenesis, indicating that the mere activation of sensory inputs during the learning task was insufficient to alter neurogenesis. The increase in cell survival after learning was not uniformly distributed throughout angular sectors of coronal sections of the OB. Monitoring odor activation maps using patterns of Zif268 immediate early gene expression revealed that survival was greater in regions more activated by the non-reinforced odorant. We conclude that sensory activation in a learning context not only controls the total number of newborn neurons in the adult OB, but also refines their precise location. Shaping the distribution of newborn neurons by influencing their survival could optimize the olfactory information processing required for odor discrimination.

Key words: neurogenesis; experience; interneurons; sensory map; plasticity; MOR23

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Received June 22, 2006; revised Aug. 3, 2006; accepted Aug. 24, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to Pierre-Marie Lledo, Pasteur Institute, Laboratory of Perception and Memory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 2182, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Email: pmlledo{at}pasteur.fr

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