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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 6, 2006, 26(49):12735-12747; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0575-06.2006

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Neurobiology of Disease
Neuronal Pentraxin 1 Contributes to the Neuronal Damage Evoked by Amyloid-ß and Is Overexpressed in Dystrophic Neurites in Alzheimer's Brain

Maria A. Abad,¹ Marta Enguita,¹ Nuria DeGregorio-Rocasolano,¹ Isidre Ferrer,² and Ramon Trullas¹

¹Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, Spain, and ²Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08097 Barcelona, Spain

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Ramon Trullas, Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Rosselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. Email: rtonbi{at}iibb.csic.es

Accumulation of amyloid-ß (Aß) is thought to play a central role in the progressive loss of synapses, the neurite damage, and the neuronal death that are characteristic in brains affected by Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms through which Aß produces such neurotoxicity remain unclear. Because Aß depresses synaptic activity, we investigated whether the neurotoxicity of Aß depends on the expression of NP1, a protein involved in excitatory synapse remodeling that has recently been shown to mediate neuronal death induced by reduction in neuronal activity in mature neurons. We found that treatment of cortical neurons in culture with Aß produces a marked increase in NP1 protein that precedes apoptotic neurotoxicity. Silencing NP1 gene expression by RNA interference (short hairpin RNA for RNA interference) prevents the loss of synapses, the reduction in neurite outgrowth, and the apoptosis evoked by Aß. Transgene overexpression of NP1 reproduced these neurotoxic effects of Aß. Moreover, we found that NP1 was increased in dystrophic neurites of brains from patients with sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Dual immunohistochemistry for NP1 and tau showed that NP1 colocalizes with tau deposits in dystrophic neurites. Furthermore, NP1 colocalized with SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa) in the majority of dystrophic neurites surrounding amyloid deposits. NP1 was also increased in cell processes surrounding amyloid plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of APP/PS1 (mutant amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1) transgenic mice. These findings show that NP1 is a key factor for the synapse loss, the neurite damage, and the apoptotic neuronal death evoked by Aß and indicate that Aß contributes to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease by regulating NP1 expression.

Key words: neuronal pentraxin; programmed neuronal death; apoptosis; ß-amyloid; neurite; neuropathology

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Received Feb. 8, 2006; revised Oct. 25, 2006; accepted Oct. 26, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Ramon Trullas, Neurobiology Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Rosselló 161, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. Email: rtonbi{at}iibb.csic.es

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