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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 20, 2006, 26(51):13311-13317; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4262-06.2006

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
The Fate of Old Memories after Medial Temporal Lobe Damage

Peter J. Bayley,¹ Ramona O. Hopkins,^4,5 and Larry R. Squire^1,2,3,6

Departments of ¹Psychiatry, ²Neurosciences, and ³Psychology, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, ⁴Psychology Department and Neuroscience Research Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, ⁵Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah 84143, and ⁶Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Larry R. Squire, Veterans Affairs Medical Center 116A, 3550 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161. Email: lsquire{at}ucsd.edu

Damage to the hippocampal region and related medial temporal lobe structures (perirhinal, entorhinal, and parahippocampal cortices) impairs new learning (anterograde amnesia) as well as memory for information that was acquired before the damage occurred (retrograde amnesia). We assessed retrograde amnesia with the Autobiographical Memory Interview (AMI) and with a news events test in six patients with damage limited primarily to the hippocampal region (H group) and two patients with large medial temporal lobe lesions (MTL group). On the news event test, the H group exhibited temporally limited retrograde amnesia covering 5 years. On the same test, the MTL group exhibited an extensive retrograde amnesia covering decades. Nevertheless, performance was relatively spared for very remote time periods. On the AMI, all patients had intact remote autobiographical memory. Because our patients with hippocampal lesions, as well as our patients with large MTL lesions, performed normally on the AMI, patients who perform poorly on the same test presumably have damage beyond the hippocampus and related structures in the medial temporal lobe. The findings emphasize the difference in the extent of retrograde amnesia associated with hippocampal lesions and large MTL lesions.

Key words: amnesia; consolidation; hippocampus; learning; memory; retrograde

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Received Sept. 29, 2006; revised Nov. 3, 2006; accepted Nov. 15, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Larry R. Squire, Veterans Affairs Medical Center 116A, 3550 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161. Email: lsquire{at}ucsd.edu

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. M.J. Ramos Perirhinal cortex lesions produce retrograde amnesia for spatial information in rats: Consolidation or retrieval? Learn. Mem., August 6, 2008; 15(8): 587 - 596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. S. Rosenbaum, M. Moscovitch, J. K. Foster, D. M. Schnyer, F. Gao, N. Kovacevic, M. Verfaellie, S. E. Black, and B. Levine Patterns of Autobiographical Memory Loss in Medial-Temporal Lobe Amnesic Patients J. Cogn. Neurosci., August 1, 2008; 20(8): 1490 - 1506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Shrager, D. A. Levy, R. O. Hopkins, and L. R. Squire Working Memory and the Organization of Brain Systems J. Neurosci., April 30, 2008; 28(18): 4818 - 4822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. B. Kirwan, P. J. Bayley, V. V. Galvan, and L. R. Squire From the Cover: Detailed recollection of remote autobiographical memory after damage to the medial temporal lobe PNAS, February 19, 2008; 105(7): 2676 - 2680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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