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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 25, 2007, 27(17):4663-4673; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4946-06.2007

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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Adaptive Depression in Synaptic Transmission in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract after In Vivo Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia: Evidence for Homeostatic Plasticity

David D. Kline,^1,2,3,4 Angelina Ramirez-Navarro,^1,2 and Diana L. Kunze^1,2

¹Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, ²Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, MetroHealth Medical System, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, and ³Department of Biomedical Sciences and ⁴Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri–Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. David D. Kline, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri–Columbia, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO 65211. Email: klinedd{at}missouri.edu

The respiratory system is highly pliable in its adaptation to low-oxygen (hypoxic) environments. After chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), alterations in the regulation of cardiorespiratory system become persistent because of changes in the peripheral chemoreceptor reflex. We present evidence for the induction of a novel form of homeostatic plasticity in this reflex pathway in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), the site of termination of the chemosensory afferent fibers. CIH induces an increase in NTS postsynaptic cell activity initiated by spontaneous presynaptic transmitter release that is counterbalanced by a reduction in evoked synaptic transmission between sensory afferents and NTS second-order cells. This is accomplished via presynaptic mechanisms involving changes in neurotransmitter release and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activation.

Key words: hypoxia; synaptic plasticity; presynaptic; CaMKII; respiration; NTS

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Received Dec. 21, 2005; revised March 22, 2007; accepted March 23, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. David D. Kline, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri–Columbia, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO 65211. Email: klinedd{at}missouri.edu

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