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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 30, 2007, 27(22):5915-5925; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0447-07.2007

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Development and Plasticity of Spontaneous Activity and Up States in Cortical Organotypic Slices

Hope A. Johnson and Dean V. Buonomano

Departments of Neurobiology and Psychology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095

Correspondence should be addressed to Dean V. Buonomano, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951761, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Email: dbuono{at}ucla.edu

Cortical computations are an emergent property of neural dynamics. To understand how neural dynamics emerges within local cortical networks, we characterized the development and underlying mechanisms of spontaneous dynamics in cortical organotypic slices. We observed not only a quantitative increase in the levels of spontaneous dynamics, but a qualitative transition from brief bursts of activity to well defined Up states during the first 4 weeks in vitro. Analysis of cellular and synaptic properties indicates that these changes are driven by increasing excitatory drive accompanied by changes in the balance of excitation and inhibition. Examination of the structure of spontaneous dynamics revealed no evidence of precisely repeating patterns. Slices exposed to chronic patterned stimulation exhibited decreased levels of spontaneous activity, suggesting homeostatic control of the levels of network activity. Together, these results suggest that Up states reflect a fundamental mode of network dynamics that emerges through the orchestrated regulation of multiple cellular and synaptic properties in parallel.

Key words: Up states; cortex; learning and memory; network dynamics; plasticity; spontaneous activity

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Received July 19, 2006; revised April 11, 2007; accepted April 23, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dean V. Buonomano, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951761, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Email: dbuono{at}ucla.edu

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