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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 8, 2007, 27(32):8665-8675; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2156-07.2007

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Functional Imaging of Primary Visual Cortex Using Flavoprotein Autofluorescence

T. Robert Husson,¹ Atul K. Mallik,² Jing X. Zhang,⁴ and Naoum P. Issa³

¹Committee on Computational Neuroscience, ²Committee on Neurobiology, and ³Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and ⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616

Correspondence should be addressed to Naoum P. Issa, 947 East 58th Street, MC0926, Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. Email: nissa{at}drugs.bsd.uchicago.edu

Neuronal autofluorescence, which results from the oxidation of flavoproteins in the electron transport chain, has recently been used to map cortical responses to sensory stimuli. This approach could represent a substantial improvement over other optical imaging methods because it is a direct (i.e., nonhemodynamic) measure of neuronal metabolism. However, its application to functional imaging has been limited because strong responses have been reported only in rodents. In this study, we demonstrate that autofluorescence imaging (AFI) can be used to map the functional organization of primary visual cortex in both mouse and cat. In cat area 17, orientation preference maps generated by AFI had the classic pinwheel structure and matched those generated by intrinsic signal imaging in the same imaged field. The spatiotemporal profile of the autofluorescence signal had several advantages over intrinsic signal imaging, including spatially restricted fluorescence throughout its response duration, reduced susceptibility to vascular artifacts, an improved spatial response profile, and a faster time course. These results indicate that AFI is a robust and useful measure of large-scale cortical activity patterns in visual mammals.

Key words: visual cortex; intrinsic signals; flavoproteins; autofluorescence; cerebral metabolism; spatial frequency

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Received Sept. 11, 2006; revised June 20, 2007; accepted June 21, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Naoum P. Issa, 947 East 58th Street, MC0926, Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637. Email: nissa{at}drugs.bsd.uchicago.edu

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. A. Llano, B. B. Theyel, A. K. Mallik, S. M. Sherman, and N. P. Issa Rapid and Sensitive Mapping of Long-Range Connections In Vitro Using Flavoprotein Autofluorescence Imaging Combined With Laser Photostimulation J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2009; 101(6): 3325 - 3340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Chen, L. S. Popa, X. Wang, W. Gao, J. Barnes, C. M. Hendrix, E. J. Hess, and T. J. Ebner Low-Frequency Oscillations in the Cerebellar Cortex of the Tottering Mouse J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2009; 101(1): 234 - 245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. J. Priebe The Relationship between Subthreshold and Suprathreshold Ocular Dominance in Cat Primary Visual Cortex J. Neurosci., August 20, 2008; 28(34): 8553 - 8559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. P. Issa, A. Rosenberg, and T. R. Husson Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1 J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2008; 99(6): 2745 - 2754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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