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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 15, 2007, 27(33):8957-8966; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2276-07.2007

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Cellular/Molecular
Regulation of Neurite Growth by Spontaneous Ca²⁺ Oscillations in Astrocytes

Kazunori Kanemaru,¹ Yohei Okubo,¹ Kenzo Hirose,² and Masamitsu Iino¹

¹Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan, and ²Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan

Correspondence should be addressed to Masamitsu Iino at the above address. Email: iino{at}m.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Astrocytes play a pivotal role in the regulation of neurite growth, but the intracellular signaling mechanism in astrocytes that mediates this regulation remains unclarified. We studied the relationship between spontaneous Ca²⁺ oscillations in astrocytes and the astrocyte-mediated neurite growth. We generated Ca²⁺ signal-deficient astrocytes in which spontaneous Ca²⁺ oscillations were abolished by a chronic inhibition of IP₃ signaling. When hippocampal neurons were cultured on a monolayer of Ca²⁺ signal-deficient astrocytes, the growth of dendrites and axons was inhibited. Time-lapse imaging of the advancement of axonal growth cones indicated the involvement of membrane-bound molecules for this inhibition. Among six candidate membrane-bound molecules that may modulate neuronal growth, N-cadherin was downregulated in Ca²⁺ signal-deficient astrocytes. Although a blocking antibody to N-cadherin suppressed the axonal growth on control astrocytes, extrinsic N-cadherin expression rescued the suppressed axonal growth on Ca²⁺ signal-deficient astrocytes. These findings suggest that spontaneous Ca²⁺ oscillations regulate the astrocytic function to promote neurite growth by maintaining the expression of specific growth-enhancing proteins on their surface, and that N-cadherin is one of such molecules.

Key words: spontaneous calcium oscillation; neuron-glia interaction; neurite growth; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; astrocyte; N-cadherin

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Received May 18, 2007; revised June 25, 2007; accepted July 8, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Masamitsu Iino at the above address. Email: iino{at}m.u-tokyo.ac.jp

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