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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 24, 2007, 27(43):11573-11586; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2419-07.2007

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Efferent Association Pathways from the Rostral Prefrontal Cortex in the Macaque Monkey

Michael Petrides^1,2 and Deepak N. Pandya^3,4,5

¹Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4, ²Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1, ³Departments of Anatomy and Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, ⁴Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and ⁵Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730

Correspondence should be addressed to Michael Petrides, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4. Email: petrides{at}ego.psych.mcgill.ca

The different prefrontal cortical regions exert executive control over processing occurring in posterior cortical regions. We examined with the autoradiographic method, in the macaque monkey, the course and terminations of the efferent corticocortical connections of the rostral prefrontal region, the function of which is least understood. Three efferent streams of fibers organized into three distinct fasciculi convey rostral prefrontal influences on posterior cortical areas. These connections provide powerful insights into the cortical regions on which executive control is being exercised. The lateral stream of fibers via the extreme capsule targets the midsection of the auditory superior temporal region and the multisensory areas of the superior temporal sulcus, thus permitting control over the most integrated aspects of cognitive processing. The fibers coursing through the extreme capsule originating in areas 10 and 9 continue as part of the white matter of the superior temporal gyrus (i.e., the middle longitudinal fasciculus) to target the midportion of the superior temporal gyrus (areas TAa, TS2, and TS3) and adjacent multisensory area TPO within the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus. Some of the fibers from areas 10 and 9 that enter the extreme capsule terminate in the ventral part of the insula. The dorsomedial limbic stream via the cingulate fasciculus targets the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, as well as the retrosplenial cortex, allowing control over motivational and memory processes. A ventral limbic stream via the uncinate fasciculus targets the temporal proisocortex and the amygdala, indicating an additional powerful influence over the emotional motivational sphere.

Key words: monkey; frontal cortex; prefrontal cortex; association pathways; autoradiography; area 10; connections

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Received May 27, 2007; revised Aug. 6, 2007; accepted Aug. 29, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Michael Petrides, Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4. Email: petrides{at}ego.psych.mcgill.ca

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