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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 31, 2007, 27(44):12109-12118; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1873-07.2007

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 Previous Article

Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Cognitive Signals in the Primate Motor Thalamus Predict Saccade Timing

Masaki Tanaka

Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan, and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Masaki Tanaka, Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. Email: masaki{at}med.hokudai.ac.jp

We often generate movements without any external event that immediately triggers them. How the brain decides the timing of self-initiated movements remains unclear. Previous studies suggest that the basal ganglia–thalamocortical pathways play this role, but the subcortical signals that determine movement timing have not been identified. The present study reports that a subset of thalamic neurons predicts the timing of self-initiated saccadic eye movements. When monkeys made a saccade in response to the fixation point (FP) offset in the traditional memory saccade task, neurons in the ventrolateral and the ventroanterior nuclei of the thalamus exhibited a gradual buildup of activity that peaked around the most probable time of the FP offset; however, neither the timing nor the magnitude of neuronal activity correlated with saccade latencies, suggesting that the brain is unlikely to have used this information to decide the times of saccades in the traditional memory saccade task. In contrast, when monkeys were required to make a self-timed saccade within a fixed time interval after an external cue, the same neurons again exhibited a strong buildup of activity that preceded saccades by several hundred milliseconds, showing a close correlation between the times of neuronal activity and the times of self-initiated saccades. The results suggest that neurons in the motor thalamus carry subjective time information, which is used by cortical networks to determine the timing of self-initiated saccades.

Key words: saccade; self-timing; thalamus; motor system; physiology; primate

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Received April 25, 2007; revised Sept. 15, 2007; accepted Sept. 17, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Masaki Tanaka, Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. Email: masaki{at}med.hokudai.ac.jp

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Yoshida and M. Tanaka Enhanced Modulation of Neuronal Activity during Antisaccades in the Primate Globus Pallidus Cereb Cortex, May 13, 2008; (2008) bhn069v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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