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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 21, 2007, 27(8):2145-2149; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4641-06.2007

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Brief Communications
GABAergic Neurons Are Less Selective to Stimulus Orientation than Excitatory Neurons in Layer II/III of Visual Cortex, as Revealed by In Vivo Functional Ca²⁺ Imaging in Transgenic Mice

Kazuhiro Sohya,^1,2 * Katsuro Kameyama,^1,2 * Yuchio Yanagawa,^2,3 Kunihiko Obata,¹ and Tadaharu Tsumoto^1,2

¹Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan, ²Solution-Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 442-0012, Japan, and ³Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Tadaharu Tsumoto, Brain Research Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. Email: tsumoto{at}brain.riken.jp

Most neurons in the visual cortex are selectively responsive to visual stimulation of a narrow range of orientations, and GABAergic neurons are considered to play a role in the formation of such orientation selectivity. This suggests that response properties of GABAergic neurons may be different from those of excitatory neurons. This view remains unproved, however. To address this issue, we applied in vivo two-photon functional Ca²⁺ imaging to transgenic mice, in which GABAergic neurons express enhanced green fluorescent protein. Astroglia were stained by an astrocyte-specific dye. The three types of cells, GABAergic neurons, excitatory neurons, and astrocytes, in layer II/III of the visual cortex were differentially identified by using different wavelengths of excitation light and a dichroic mirror for emitted fluorescence, and their responses to moving visual stimuli at different orientations were measured with changes in the intensity of fluorescence of a Ca²⁺-sensitive dye. We found that almost all GABAergic neurons have orientation-insensitive responses, whereas most of excitatory neurons have orientation-selective responses.

Key words: GABAergic neurons; orientation selectivity; visual cortex; two-photon functional calcium imaging; transgenic mice; green fluorescent protein

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Received Oct. 25, 2006; revised Jan. 24, 2007; accepted Jan. 26, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Tadaharu Tsumoto, Brain Research Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan. Email: tsumoto{at}brain.riken.jp

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