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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 27, 2008, 28(35):8785-8788; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2384-08.2008

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Brief Communications
High-Frequency Stimulation of the Anterior Subthalamic Nucleus Reduces Stereotyped Behaviors in Primates

Nicolas Baup,^1,2,3 * David Grabli,^2,3,4 * Carine Karachi,^2,3,4 * Stéphanie Mounayar,^2,3 Chantal François,^2,3 Jérôme Yelnik,^2,3 Jean Féger,^2,3 and Léon Tremblay⁵

¹Département de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Saint Anne, Paris F-75014, France, ²Département de Neurologie et de Thérapeutique Expérimentale INSERM, UMR S679, ³Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, UMR S679, and ⁴Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris F-75013, France, and ⁵Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Lyon 1, Bron F-69675, France

Correspondence should be addressed to Léon Tremblay, Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Lyon 1, 67 Boulevard Pinel, Bron F-69675, France. Email: leon.tremblay{at}isc.cnrs.fr

Growing evidence shows that dysfunction of the limbic basal ganglia (BG) network is implicated in repetitive behaviors, such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS), in humans. Because deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the posterior subthalamic nucleus (STN), which modulates the sensorimotor BG network, is beneficial in movement disorders, stimulation of the anterior, limbic STN might improve intractable behavioral disorders. We therefore evaluated the effect of anterior STN stimulation on the repetitive behaviors induced in two monkeys after bicuculline-induced dysfunction of the limbic external globus pallidus. DBS in the anterior STN dramatically reduced the stereotypies, but had no effect on the performance of a simple food retrieval task. Stimulations outside the STN were less effective in reducing the stereotypies. Electrode trajectories, reconstructed postmortem, confirmed that the effective contacts were in the anterior STN. DBS in the limbic STN might therefore provide relief from the severe stereotyped behaviors observed in OCD and TS.

Key words: basal ganglia; subthalamic nucleus; stimulation; globus pallidus; behavior; bicuculline; primate

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Received May 23, 2008; accepted June 11, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Léon Tremblay, Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Lyon 1, 67 Boulevard Pinel, Bron F-69675, France. Email: leon.tremblay{at}isc.cnrs.fr

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