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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 8, 2008, 28(41):10323-10329; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3259-08.2008

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Multiple Bases of Human Intelligence Revealed by Cortical Thickness and Neural Activation

Yu Yong Choi,^1,2 Noah A. Shamosh,⁴ Sun Hee Cho,³ Colin G. DeYoung,⁴ Min Joo Lee,¹ Jong-Min Lee,⁶ Sun I. Kim,⁶ Zang-Hee Cho,⁷ Kyungjin Kim,¹ Jeremy R. Gray,^4,5 and Kun Ho Lee¹

¹School of Biological Sciences, ²Interdisciplinary Program in Brain Science, and ³Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, ⁴Department of Psychology and ⁵Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 05620, ⁶Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-605, Korea, and ⁷Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon Medical School, Incheon, Seoul 450-760, Korea

Correspondence should be addressed to either of the following: Dr. Kun Ho Lee, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Email: leekho{at}snu.ac.kr; or Dr. Jeremy R. Gray, Department of Psychology and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 05620, Email: jeremy.gray{at}yale.edu

We hypothesized that individual differences in intelligence (Spearman's g) are supported by multiple brain regions, and in particular that fluid (gF) and crystallized (gC) components of intelligence are related to brain function and structure with a distinct profile of association across brain regions. In 225 healthy young adults scanned with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging sequences, regions of interest (ROIs) were defined on the basis of a correlation between g and either brain structure or brain function. In these ROIs, gC was more strongly related to structure (cortical thickness) than function, whereas gF was more strongly related to function (blood oxygenation level-dependent signal during reasoning) than structure. We further validated this finding by generating a neurometric prediction model of intelligence quotient (IQ) that explained 50% of variance in IQ in an independent sample. The data compel a nuanced view of the neurobiology of intelligence, providing the most persuasive evidence to date for theories emphasizing multiple distributed brain regions differing in function.

Key words: general intelligence; crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence; IQ; cortical thickness; fMRI

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Received July 13, 2008; revised Aug. 4, 2008; accepted Sept. 3, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to either of the following: Dr. Kun Ho Lee, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Email: leekho{at}snu.ac.kr; or Dr. Jeremy R. Gray, Department of Psychology and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 05620, Email: jeremy.gray{at}yale.edu

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. P. van den Heuvel, C. J. Stam, R. S. Kahn, and H. E. Hulshoff Pol Efficiency of Functional Brain Networks and Intellectual Performance J. Neurosci., June 10, 2009; 29(23): 7619 - 7624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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