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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 12, 2008, 28(46):11785-11791; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3798-08.2008

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Symposia and Mini-Symposia
Adult Neurogenesis, Mental Health, and Mental Illness: Hope or Hype?

Amelia J. Eisch,¹ Heather A. Cameron,² Juan M. Encinas,³ Leslie A. Meltzer,⁴ Guo-Li Ming,⁵ and Linda S. Overstreet-Wadiche⁶

¹Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9070, ²Unit on Neuroplasticity, Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, ³Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, ⁴Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5435, ⁵Johns Hopkins University, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, and ⁶Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Amelia J. Eisch, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9070. Email: amelia.eisch{at}utsouthwestern.edu

Psychiatric and neurologic disorders take an enormous toll on society. Alleviating the devastating symptoms and consequences of neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction, depression, epilepsy, and schizophrenia is a main force driving clinical and basic researchers alike. By elucidating these disease neuromechanisms, researchers hope to better define treatments and preventive therapies. Research suggests that regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis represents a promising approach to treating and perhaps preventing mental illness. Here we appraise the role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in major psychiatric and neurologic disorders within the essential framework of recent progress made in understanding "normal" adult neurogenesis. Topics addressed include the following: the life cycle of an adult hippocampal stem cell and the implications for aging; links between learning and hippocampal neurogenesis; the reciprocal relationship between cocaine self-administration and adult hippocampal neurogenesis; the role of adult neurogenesis in an animal model of depression and response to antidepressant exposure; the impact of neonatal seizures on dentate gyrus neurogenesis; and the contribution of a schizophrenia-susceptibility gene to adult hippocampal neurogenesis. These topics are discussed in light of the regulation of adult neurogenesis, the relationship to normal neurogenesis in adulthood and aging, and, importantly, the manipulation of neurogenesis to promote mental health and treat mental illness.

Key words: neural stem cell; epilepsy; learning; depression; addiction; schizophrenia

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Received Aug. 11, 2008; revised Sept. 8, 2008; accepted Sept. 9, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Amelia J. Eisch, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9070. Email: amelia.eisch{at}utsouthwestern.edu

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