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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 31, 2008, 28(53):14459-14466; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5058-08.2008

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Neural Dissociation of Delay and Uncertainty in Intertemporal Choice

Christian C. Luhmann,^1,2 Marvin M. Chun,² Do-Joon Yi,³ Daeyeol Lee,¹ and Xiao-Jing Wang¹

¹Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, ²Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, and ³Department of Psychology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea

Correspondence should be addressed to Christian C. Luhmann, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500. Email: christian.luhmann{at}stonybrook.edu

Decision makers often face choices whose consequences unfold over time. To explore the neural basis of such intertemporal choice behavior, we devised a novel two-alternative choice task with probabilistic reward delivery and contrasted two conditions that differed only in whether the outcome was revealed immediately or after some delay. In the immediate condition, we simply varied the reward probability of each option and the outcome was revealed immediately. In the delay condition, the outcome was revealed after a delay during which the reward probability was governed by a constant hazard rate. Functional imaging revealed a set of brain regions, such as the posterior cingulate cortex, parahippocampal gyri, and frontal pole, that exhibited activity uniquely associated with the temporal aspects of the task. This engagement of the so-called "default network" suggests that during intertemporal choice, decision makers simulate the impending delay via a process of prospection.

Key words: decision; fMRI; intertemporal choice; prospection; discounting; temporal resolution of uncertainty

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Received Oct. 20, 2008; accepted Nov. 13, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Christian C. Luhmann, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500. Email: christian.luhmann{at}stonybrook.edu

Related articles in J. Neurosci.:

Behavioral and Neural Effects of Delays during Intertemporal Choice Are Independent of Probability

Jan B. Engelmann and Andrew M. Brooks
J. Neurosci. 2009 29: 6055-6057. [Full Text]  

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