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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 7, 2009, 29(1):106-117; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4442-08.2009

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Cone Contacts, Mosaics, and Territories of Bipolar Cells in the Mouse Retina

Heinz Wässle,¹ Christian Puller,¹ Frank Müller,² and Silke Haverkamp¹

¹Department of Neuroanatomy, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany, and ²Institute for Neuroscience and Biophysics 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany

Correspondence should be addressed to Heinz Wässle, Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung, Deutschordenstrasse 46, D-60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Email: waessle{at}mpih-frankfurt.mpg.de

We report a quantitative analysis of the different bipolar cell types of the mouse retina. They were identified in wild-type mice by specific antibodies or in transgenic mouse lines by specific expression of green fluorescent protein or Clomeleon. The bipolar cell densities, their cone contacts, their dendritic coverage, and their axonal tiling were measured in retinal whole mounts. The results show that each and all cones are contacted by at least one member of any given type of bipolar cell (not considering genuine blue cones). Consequently, each cone feeds its light signals into a minimum of 10 different bipolar cells. Parallel processing of an image projected onto the retina, therefore, starts at the first synapse of the retina, the cone pedicle. The quantitative analysis suggests that our proposed catalog of 11 cone bipolar cells and one rod bipolar cell is complete, and all major bipolar cell types of the mouse retina appear to have been discovered.

Key words: bipolar cells; convergence; divergence; cone contacts; coverage; tiling

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Received Sept. 17, 2008; revised Nov. 13, 2008; accepted Nov. 26, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Heinz Wässle, Max-Planck-Institut für Hirnforschung, Deutschordenstrasse 46, D-60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany. Email: waessle{at}mpih-frankfurt.mpg.de

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