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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 1, 2009, 29(26):8447-8451; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1493-09.2009

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Brief Communications
I Heard That Coming: Event-Related Potential Evidence for Stimulus-Driven Prediction in the Auditory System

Alexandra Bendixen,^1,2 Erich Schröger,² and István Winkler^1,3

¹Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1068 Budapest, Hungary, ²Institute for Psychology I, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany, and ³Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary

Correspondence should be addressed to Alexandra Bendixen, Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szondi utca 83-85, H-1068 Budapest, Hungary. Email: bendixen{at}cogpsyphy.hu

The auditory system has been shown to detect predictability in a tone sequence, but does it use the extracted regularities for actually predicting the continuation of the sequence? The present study sought to find evidence for the generation of such predictions. Predictability was manipulated in an isochronous series of tones in which every other tone was a repetition of its predecessor. The existence of predictions was probed by occasionally omitting either the first (unpredictable) or the second (predictable) tone of a same-frequency tone pair. Event-related electrical brain activity elicited by the omission of an unpredictable tone differed from the response to the actual tone right from the tone onset. In contrast, early electrical brain activity elicited by the omission of a predictable tone was quite similar to the response to the actual tone. This suggests that the auditory system preactivates the neural circuits for expected input, using sequential predictions to specifically prepare for future acoustic events.

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Received March 30, 2009; revised May 11, 2009; accepted May 16, 2009.

Correspondence should be addressed to Alexandra Bendixen, Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szondi utca 83-85, H-1068 Budapest, Hungary. Email: bendixen{at}cogpsyphy.hu

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