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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 26, 2009, 29(34):10638-10652; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2807-09.2009

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Retinotopic Organization of Human Ventral Visual Cortex

Michael J. Arcaro,1,2 * Stephanie A. McMains,1,2 * Benjamin D. Singer,2 and Sabine Kastner1,2,3

1Department of Psychology, 2Center for the Study of Brain, Mind, and Behavior, and 3Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540

Correspondence should be addressed to Sabine Kastner, Department of Psychology, Green Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540. Email: skastner{at}princeton.edu

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that human ventral visual cortex anterior to human visual area V4 contains two visual field maps, VO-1 and VO-2, that together form the ventral occipital (VO) cluster (Brewer et al., 2005). This cluster is characterized by common functional response properties and responds preferentially to color and object stimuli. Here, we confirm the topographic and functional characteristics of the VO cluster and describe two new visual field maps that are located anterior to VO-2 extending across the collateral sulcus into the posterior parahippocampal cortex (PHC). We refer to these visual field maps as parahippocampal areas PHC-1 and PHC-2. Each PHC map contains a topographic representation of contralateral visual space. The polar angle representation in PHC-1 extends from regions near the lower vertical meridian (that is the shared border with VO-2) to those close to the upper vertical meridian (that is the shared border with PHC-2). The polar angle representation in PHC-2 is a mirror reversal of the PHC-1 representation. PHC-1 and PHC-2 share a foveal representation and show a strong bias toward representations of peripheral eccentricities. Both the foveal and peripheral representations of PHC-1 and PHC-2 respond more strongly to scenes than to objects or faces, with greater scene preference in PHC-2 than PHC-1. Importantly, both areas heavily overlap with the functionally defined parahippocampal place area. Our results suggest that ventral visual cortex can be subdivided on the basis of topographic criteria into a greater number of discrete maps than previously thought.

Received June 15, 2009; revised July 9, 2009; accepted July 20, 2009.

Correspondence should be addressed to Sabine Kastner, Department of Psychology, Green Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540. Email: skastner{at}princeton.edu
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