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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 2, 2009, 29(35):10827-10834; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0963-09.2009

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Adapting to Dynamic Stimulus-Response Values: Differential Contributions of Inferior Frontal, Dorsomedial, and Dorsolateral Regions of Prefrontal Cortex to Decision Making

Derek G. V. Mitchell,^1,2 Qian Luo,⁴ Shelley B. Avny,⁵ Tomasz Kasprzycki,^1,2 Karanvir Gupta,^1,2 Gang Chen,⁴ Elizabeth C. Finger,³ and R. James R. Blair⁴

Departments of ¹Psychiatry, ²Anatomy & Cell Biology, and ³Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5A5, Canada, ⁴National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and ⁵Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Derek Mitchell, Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada. Email: dmitch8{at}uwo.ca

Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) have all been implicated in resolving decision conflict whether this conflict is generated by having to select between responses of similar value or by making selections following a reversal in reinforcement contingencies. However, work distinguishing their individual functional contributions remains preliminary. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to delineate the functional role of these systems with regard to both forms of decision conflict. Within dmPFC and dlPFC, blood oxygen level-dependent responses increased in response to decision conflict regardless of whether the conflict occurred in the context of a reduction in the difference in relative value between objects, or an error following a reversal of reinforcement contingencies. Conjunction analysis confirmed that overlapping regions of dmPFC and dlPFC were activated by both forms of decision conflict. Unlike these regions, however, activity in IFG was not modulated by reductions in the relative value of available options. Moreover, although all three regions of prefrontal cortex showed enhanced activity to reversal errors, only dmPFC and dlPFC were also modulated by the magnitude of value change during the reversal. These data are interpreted with reference to models of dmPFC, dlPFC, and IFG functioning.

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Received Feb. 25, 2009; revised June 19, 2009; accepted July 7, 2009.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Derek Mitchell, Departments of Psychiatry and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 339 Windermere Road, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada. Email: dmitch8{at}uwo.ca

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