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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 16, 2009, 29(37):11560-11571; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1844-09.2009

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Decisions in Changing Conditions: The Urgency-Gating Model

Paul Cisek, Geneviève Aude Puskas, and Stephany El-Murr

Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Paul Cisek, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada. Email: paul.cisek{at}umontreal.ca

Several widely accepted models of decision making suggest that, during simple decision tasks, neural activity builds up until a threshold is reached and a decision is made. These models explain error rates and reaction time distributions in a variety of tasks and are supported by neurophysiological studies showing that neural activity in several cortical and subcortical regions gradually builds up at a rate related to task difficulty and reaches a relatively constant level of discharge at a time that predicts movement initiation. The mechanism responsible for this buildup is believed to be related to the temporal integration of sequential samples of sensory information. However, an alternative mechanism that may explain the neural and behavioral data is one in which the buildup of activity is instead attributable to a growing signal related to the urgency to respond, which multiplicatively modulates updated estimates of sensory evidence. These models are difficult to distinguish when, as in previous studies, subjects are presented with constant sensory evidence throughout each trial. To distinguish the models, we presented human subjects with a task in which evidence changed over the course of each trial. Our results are more consistent with "urgency gating" than with temporal integration of sensory samples and suggest a simple mechanism for implementing trade-offs between the speed and accuracy of decisions.

Received April 15, 2009; revised June 30, 2009; accepted July 20, 2009.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Paul Cisek, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada. Email: paul.cisek{at}umontreal.ca


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