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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 28, 2009, 29(43):13630-13639; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2910-08.2009

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Cellular/Molecular
Cytoplasmic Polyadenylation Element-Binding Protein Regulates Neurotrophin-3-Dependent β-Catenin mRNA Translation in Developing Hippocampal Neurons

Mitchell Kundel,¹ Kendrick J. Jones,² Chan Y. Shin,³ and David G. Wells²

Departments of ¹Cell Biology and ²Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, and ³Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Kwangjin-Gu, Seoul 43-701, Korea

Correspondence should be addressed to David G. Wells, 219 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208103, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103. Email: david.wells{at}yale.edu

Neuronal morphogenesis, the growth and arborization of neuronal processes, is an essential component of brain development. Two important but seemingly disparate components regulating neuronal morphology have previously been described. In the hippocampus, neurotrophins, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT3), act to enhance cell growth and branching, while activity-induced branching was shown to be dependent upon intracellular β-catenin. We now describe a molecular link between NT3 stimulation and β-catenin increase in developing neurons and demonstrate that this process is required for the NT3-mediated increase in process branching. Here, we show that β-catenin is rapidly increased specifically in growth cones following NT3 stimulation. This increase in β-catenin is protein synthesis dependent and requires the activity of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein-1 (CPEB1), an mRNA-binding protein that regulates mRNA translation. We find that CPEB1 protein binds β-catenin mRNA in a CPE-dependent manner and that both localize to growth cones of developing hippocampal neurons. Both the NT3-mediated rapid increase in β-catenin and process branching are abolished when CPEB1 function is inhibited. In addition, the NT3-mediated increase in β-catenin in growth cones is dependent upon internal calcium and the activity of CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II). Together, these results suggest that CPEB1 regulates β-catenin synthesis in neurons and may contribute to neuronal morphogenesis.

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Received June 24, 2008; revised Sept. 23, 2009; accepted Sept. 28, 2009.

Correspondence should be addressed to David G. Wells, 219 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208103, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103. Email: david.wells{at}yale.edu

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