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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 11, 2009, 29(45):14066-14076; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3542-09.2009

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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Regulation of Radial Glial Motility by Visual Experience

Marc Tremblay,1,2,3 Vincent Fugère,4 Jennifer Tsui,2,3 Anne Schohl,3 Aydin Tavakoli,1,2,3 Bruno A. N. Travençolo,5 Luciano da F. Costa,5 and Edward S. Ruthazer1,2,3,4

1McGill Graduate Program in Neuroscience, 2McGill Program in NeuroEngineering, 3Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and 4Department of Psychology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada, and 5Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil

Correspondence should be addressed to Edward S. Ruthazer, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada. Email: edward.ruthazer{at}mcgill.ca

Radial glia in the developing optic tectum express the key guidance molecules responsible for topographic targeting of retinal axons. However, the extent to which the radial glia are themselves influenced by retinal inputs and visual experience remains unknown. Using multiphoton live imaging of radial glia in the optic tectum of intact Xenopus laevis tadpoles in conjunction with manipulations of neural activity and sensory stimuli, radial glia were observed to exhibit spontaneous calcium transients that were modulated by visual stimulation. Structurally, radial glia extended and retracted many filopodial processes within the tectal neuropil over minutes. These processes interacted with retinotectal synapses and their motility was modulated by nitric oxide (NO) signaling downstream of neuronal NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation and visual stimulation. These findings provide the first in vivo demonstration that radial glia actively respond both structurally and functionally to neural activity, via NMDAR-dependent NO release during the period of retinal axon ingrowth.

Received July 20, 2009; revised Sept. 14, 2009; accepted Oct. 5, 2009.

Correspondence should be addressed to Edward S. Ruthazer, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada. Email: edward.ruthazer{at}mcgill.ca






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