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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 4, 2009, 29(5):1267-1276; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2942-08.2009

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Control and Function of the Homeostatic Sleep Response by Adenosine A₁ Receptors

Theresa E. Bjorness, Christine L. Kelly, Tianshu Gao, Virginia Poffenberger, and Robert W. Greene

Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas 75390

Correspondence should be addressed to Robert W. Greene, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390. Email: robertw.greene{at}utsouthwestern.edu

During sleep, the mammalian CNS undergoes widespread, synchronized slow-wave activity (SWA) that directly varies with previous waking duration (Borbély, 1982; Dijk et al., 1990). When sleep is restricted, an enhanced SWA response follows in the next sleep period. The enhancement of SWA is associated with improved cognitive performance (Huber et al., 2004), but it is unclear either how the SWA is enhanced or whether SWA is needed to maintain normal cognitive performance. A conditional, CNS knock-out of the adenosine receptor, AdoA₁R gene, shows selective attenuation of the SWA rebound response to restricted sleep, but sleep duration is not affected. During sleep restriction, wild phenotype animals express a rebound SWA response and maintain cognitive performance in a working memory task. However, the knock-out animals not only show a reduced rebound SWA response but they also fail to maintain normal cognitive function, although this function is normal when sleep is not restricted. Thus, AdoA₁R activation is needed for normal rebound SWA, and when the SWA rebound is reduced, there is a failure to maintain working memory function, suggesting a functional role for SWA homeostasis.

Key words: sleep; delta; adenosine; working memory; hippocampal function; memory; Cre-transgenic; metabolism

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Received June 25, 2008; revised Dec. 14, 2008; accepted Dec. 23, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Robert W. Greene, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390. Email: robertw.greene{at}utsouthwestern.edu

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