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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 11, 2009, 29(6):1707-1718; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5549-08.2009

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Oxidative Neuroenergetics in Event-Related Paradigms

Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli,^1,2,3 * Peter Herman,^1,2,3,8 * Hal Blumenfeld,^4,5,6 and Fahmeed Hyder^1,2,3,7

¹Magnetic Resonance Research Center, ²Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance, and Departments of ³Diagnostic Radiology, ⁴Neurology, ⁵Neurosurgery, ⁶Neurobiology, and ⁷Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, and ⁸Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, H-1082 Budapest, Hungary

Correspondence should be addressed to either Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli or Fahmeed Hyder, N143 TAC (Magnetic Resonance Research Center), 300 Cedar Street, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520. Email: basavaraju.ganganna{at}yale.edu or Email: fahmeed.hyder{at}yale.edu

Energetic basis of neural activity provides a solid foundation for noninvasive neuroimaging with calibrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Calculating dynamic changes in cerebral oxidative energy utilization (CMR_O2) is limited by uncertainties about whether or not the conventional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) model can be applied transiently using multimodal measurements of blood flow (CBF) and volume (CBV) that affect the BOLD signal. A prerequisite for dynamic calibrated fMRI is testing the linearity of multimodal signals within a temporal regimen, as assessed by signal strength (i.e., both intensity and width). If each hyperemic component (BOLD, CBV, CBF) is demonstrated to be linear with neural activity under various experimental conditions, then the respective transfer functions generated by deconvolution with neural activity should be time invariant and thus could potentially be used for calculating CMR_O2 transients. Hyperemic components were investigated at 11.7 T in -chloralose-anesthetized rats and combined with electrophysiological recordings of local field potential (LFP) and multiunit activity (MUA) from the cortex during forepaw stimulation, in which stimulus number and frequency were varied. Although relationships between neural activity and stimulus features ranged from linear to nonlinear, associations between hyperemic components and neural activity were linear. Specific to each hyperemic component, a universal transfer function (with LFP or MUA) yielded predictions in agreement with experimental measurements. The results identified a component of the BOLD signal that can be attributed to significant changes in CMR_O2, even for temporal events separated by <200 ms.

Key words: glia; glucose; glutamate; mitochondria; oxygen transport; fMRI

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Received Nov. 19, 2008; revised Dec. 15, 2008; accepted Jan. 7, 2009.

Correspondence should be addressed to either Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli or Fahmeed Hyder, N143 TAC (Magnetic Resonance Research Center), 300 Cedar Street, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520. Email: basavaraju.ganganna{at}yale.edu or Email: fahmeed.hyder{at}yale.edu

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. G. Shulman, F. Hyder, and D. L. Rothman Baseline brain energy supports the state of consciousness PNAS, July 7, 2009; 106(27): 11096 - 11101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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