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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 18, 2009, 29(7):2167-2176; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4682-08.2009

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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Trophic Factor-Induced Intracellular Calcium Oscillations Are Required for the Expression of Postsynaptic Acetylcholine Receptors during Synapse Formation between Lymnaea Neurons

Fenglian Xu, Deirdre A. Hennessy, Thomas K. M. Lee, and Naweed I. Syed

Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Naweed I. Syed, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1. Email: nisyed{at}ucalgary.ca

Nervous system functions in all animals rely upon synaptic connectivity that is established during early development. Whereas cell–cell signaling plays a critical role in establishing synapse specificity, the involvement of extrinsic growth factors cannot, however, be undermined. We have previously demonstrated that trophic factors are required for excitatory but not inhibitory synapse formation between Lymnaea neurons. Moreover, in the absence of trophic factors, neurons from a number of species establish inappropriate inhibitory synapses, which can, however, be corrected by the addition of trophic factors. The precise site of trophic factor actions (presynaptic versus postsynaptic) and the underlying mechanisms remain, however, undefined. Here, we provide the first direct evidence that the trophic factor-mediated excitatory synapse formation involves activity-induced calcium (Ca²⁺) oscillations in the postsynaptic left pedal dorsal 1 (LPeD1) but not the presynaptic visceral dorsal 4 (VD4, cholinergic) neuron. These oscillations involved Ca²⁺ influx through voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels and required receptor tyrosine kinase activity which was essential for the expression of excitatory, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the postsynaptic cell during synapse formation. We also demonstrate that selectively blocking the electrical activity presynaptically did not perturb trophic factor-induced synapse formation between the paired cells, whereas hyperpolarizing the postsynaptic cell prevented appropriate synaptogenesis between VD4 and LPeD1 cells. Together, our data underscore the importance of extrinsic trophic factors in regulating the electrical activity of the postsynaptic but not the presynaptic cell and that the resulting Ca²⁺ oscillations are essential for the expression of postsynaptic receptors during specific synapse formation.

Key words: trophic factors; synapse formation; electrical activity; intracellular Ca²⁺; nAChRs; Lymnaea

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Received Sept. 30, 2008; revised Jan. 6, 2009; accepted Jan. 7, 2009.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Naweed I. Syed, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1. Email: nisyed{at}ucalgary.ca

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