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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 18, 2009, 29(7):2225-2230; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3789-08.2009

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Brief Communications
A Switch from Cycloheximide-Resistant Consolidated Memory to Cycloheximide-Sensitive Reconsolidation and Extinction in Drosophila

Fabrice Lagasse,¹ Jean-Marc Devaud,² and Frederic Mery¹

¹Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes et Spéciation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 9034, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, and ²Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5169, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France

Correspondence should be addressed to Frederic Mery, Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes et Spéciation, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bâtiment 13, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France. Email: Frederic.mery{at}legs.cnrs-gif.fr

It is generally accepted that, after learning, memories stabilize over time and integrate into long-term memory (LTM) through the process of consolidation, which depends on de novo protein synthesis. Besides, studies on several species have shown that reactivation of already stabilized LTM can either make this memory labile and then restabilize it (a process called reconsolidation) or inhibit it (extinction). However, the identity of both processes and their interactions with consolidation are still under debate. Regarding memory stabilization, Drosophila offers a striking exception since, in this species, LTM is not the sole stable form of memory. Under specific learning conditions, anesthesia-resistant memory (ARM) can be formed through processes yet unknown but that are resistant to cycloheximide, a classical protein synthesis inhibitor that impairs LTM. Here, we took advantage of this dichotomy to ask whether both ARM and LTM could be extinguished and/or reconsolidated. We also studied whether two forms of memory extinction and reconsolidation exist in flies, as for memory stabilization. We show that either reconsolidation or extinction can be induced after olfactory conditioning in Drosophila, depending on the number of reactivations as in other species. Furthermore, regarding the effect of cycloheximide, the ARM/LTM dichotomy for stabilization does not apply to extinction and reconsolidation. Blocking protein synthesis interfered with both processes regardless of whether initial stabilization was sensitive (LTM) or not (ARM) to cycloheximide. These results thus show that Drosophila is a useful model to tackle these questions and that reconsolidation is not necessarily a mere repetition of consolidation.

Key words: consolidation; reconsolidation; extinction; associative conditioning; protein synthesis; invertebrate

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Received Aug. 11, 2008; revised Dec. 12, 2008; accepted Dec. 31, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Frederic Mery, Laboratoire Évolution, Génomes et Spéciation, Avenue de la Terrasse, Bâtiment 13, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France. Email: Frederic.mery{at}legs.cnrs-gif.fr

This article has been cited by other articles:

				N. Stollhoff and D. Eisenhardt Consolidation of an Extinction Memory Depends on the Unconditioned Stimulus Magnitude Previously Experienced during Training J. Neurosci., July 29, 2009; 29(30): 9644 - 9650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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