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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 3, 482-499, Copyright © 1983 by Society for Neuroscience
The prenatal development of the cat's retinogeniculate pathway
CJ Shatz
The prenatal development of connections between the retina and the lateral
geniculate nucleus (LGN) was studied by means of the anterograde axonal
transport of 3H-amino acids or horseradish peroxidase injected
intraocularly in fetal cats older than embryonic day 27 (E27) and in
newborn cats. (Gestation is 65 days.) A retinothalamic pathway exists as
early as E28, when label can be seen in both ipsilateral and contralateral
optic tracts. Afferents from the contralateral eye are the first to invade
the anlage of the LGN by E32 with those from the ipsilateral eye following
about 3 days later. Initially, the pattern of labeling within the nucleus
is uniform, suggesting that the two sets of afferents must share a good
deal of territory at early ages. By E47, however, gaps appear in the
labeling pattern contralaterally, indicating that afferents from the two
eyes are beginning to segregate from each other. Segregation continues so
that by E54 it is possible to identify unambiguously regions of the LGN
destined to comprise ipsilateral and contralateral eye layers. By birth,
afferent input appears adult-like in organization, with the two sets of
afferents almost completely segregated from each other into their
appropriate layers. Cellular lamination of the nucleus has just commenced,
however, thereby lagging the onset of afferent segregation by about 2
weeks. Prenatal development could be followed much more easily in the
horizontal than in the coronal plane of section due to the finding here
that the LGN is displaced approximately 90 degrees in the horizontal plane
between E40 and E60. Measurements of the area occupied by the ipsilateral
and contralateral afferents within the LGN indicated that even prior to
segregation, the two sets of afferents are not completely intermixed within
the LGN. On the contrary, those from the contralateral eye retain almost
exclusive control of some territory throughout development. This detail
contrasts with development in primates, in which intermixing of afferents
from the two eyes is thought to be complete early on (Rakic, P. (1976)
Nature 261: 467-471). Nevertheless, in the cat, as in other mammals,
development of the retinogeniculate pathway is broadly characterized by an
initial period of overlap followed by a period of segregation that gives
rise to the adult pattern of afferent input.
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