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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 3, 532-548, Copyright © 1983 by Society for Neuroscience
The influence of the angle of gaze upon the excitability of the light- sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex
RA Andersen and VB Mountcastle
The responses of parietal visual neurons are markedly increased during
attentive fixation, as compared to those evoked in relaxed wakefulness, an
effect specific for directed attention and unrelated to putative
differences in the general level of arousal. Those responses are also
strongly influenced by the angle of gaze, an effect observed only during
directed visual attention. The change in response is smoothly graded along
a meridian for about one-half the neuron population; the average spatial
gradient from maximum to minimum is 78% response for a 20 degrees shift in
eye position. No lateral preference was observed. For the remaining half,
responses were either maximal or minimal for fixations dead ahead, and
changes occurred with deviations in any direction. Angle of gaze effects
were observed for neurons with foveal as well as eccentrically located
receptive fields, all of which were organized in retinotopic not spatial
coordinates. Control experiments showed that the effect was not produced by
changes in visual background with changes in the angle of gaze, nor to
changes in fixation distance, nor to variations in the intensity of stimuli
viewed from different angles. The effect depends upon the position of the
eye in the orbit, but is unlikely due to a direct central action of changes
in nonretinal orbital afferent activity at different angles of gaze, for
the effect was rarely observed with changes in the angle of gaze during
relaxed wakefulness without directed visual attention. The evidence
supports the interpretation that the effect is produced by a central
influence of the systems controlling directed visual attention and the
angle of gaze upon those linking the retinae to the parietal lobe.
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