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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 3, 1116-1133, Copyright © 1983 by Society for Neuroscience
Clustered intrinsic connections in cat visual cortex
CD Gilbert and TN Wiesel
The intrinsic connections of the cortex have long been known to run
vertically, across the cortical layers. In the present study we have found
that individual neurons in the cat primary visual cortex can communicate
over suprisingly long distances horizontally (up to 4 mm), in directions
parallel to the cortical surface. For all of the cells having widespread
projections, the collaterals within their axonal fields were distributed in
repeating clusters, with an average periodicity of 1 mm. This pattern of
extensive clustered projections has been revealed by combining the
techniques of intracellular recording and injection of horseradish
peroxidase with three- dimensional computer graphic reconstructions. The
clustering pattern was most apparent when the cells were rotated to present
a view parallel to the cortical surface. The pattern was observed in more
than half of the pyramidal and spiny stellate cells in the cortex and was
seen in all cortical layers. In our sample, cells made distant connections
within their own layer and/or within another layer. The axon of one cell
had clusters covering the same area in two layers, and the clusters in the
deeper layer were located under those in the upper layer, suggesting a
relationship between the clustering phenomenon and columnar cortical
architecture. Some pyramidal cells did not project into the white matter,
forming intrinsic connections exclusively. Finally, the axonal fields of
all our injected cells were asymmetric, extending for greater distances
along one cortical axis than along the orthogonal axis. The axons appeared
to cover areas of cortex representing a larger part of the visual field
than that covered by the excitatory portion of the cell's own receptive
field. These connections may be used to generate larger receptive fields or
to produce the inhibitory flanks in other cells' receptive fields.
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Horizontal propagation of | |
